Table 2.

Differences in adjusted epigenetic aging between older breast cancer survivors and controls at the first blood sample, approximately 24- to 48-months post-enrollment

	Horvath clock			EEA clock			PhenoAge clock			GrimAge clock			DunedinPACE
Model	B	95% CI	p	B	95% CI	p	B	95% CI	p	B	95% CI	p	B	95% CI	p
1. Group (n=190)
Survivors	1.76	0.50 to 3.03	.006 [.02]	2.22	0.53 to 3.90	.01 [.02]	1.32	−0.60 to 3.24	.18 [.18]	1.04	0.08 to 2.00	.04 [.04]	0.06	0.02 to 0.09	.001 [.005]
Controls	(reference)			(reference)			(reference)			(reference)			(reference)
2. Group (n=181)
Chemotherapy	1.97	0.10 to 3.83	.04 [.049]	2.71	0.24 to 5.18	.03 [.049]	1.77	−1.05 to 4.60	.22 [.22]	2.47	0.08 to 3.87	.001 [.005]	0.08	0.03 to 0.13	.002 [.005]
Hormonal therapy	1.61	0.10 to 3.12	.04 [.09]	1.71	−0.30 to 3.71	.095 [.16]	1.17	−1.13 to 3.46	.32 [.35]	0.54	−0.59 to 1.67	.35 [.35]	0.05	0.01 to 0.09	.02 [.08]
Controls	(reference)			(reference)			(reference)			(reference)			(reference)

Note. Models adjusted for chronological age at the first blood sample and comorbidities. Given that group differences in epigenetic aging over time were not statistically significant, time and group-by-time interactions were removed from the final models, leaving group differences in epigenetic aging at the time of the first blood sample. Regression coefficients (B) for the epigenetic clock measures indicate the difference in epigenetic age (years) between each group of survivors and matched non-cancer controls. Regression coefficients for the DunedinPACE measure indicate the difference in epigenetic aging for one year of chronological age between each group of survivors and controls. Model 2 excludes 9 survivors who received non-systemic treatments (e.g., surgery, radiotherapy) only. p-values <.05 appear in bold font; a False Discovery Rate is shown in brackets.