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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Nov 20.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Chem. 2023 Feb 21;7(4):234–255. doi: 10.1038/s41570-023-00468-z

Fig. 4 |. Biochemistry of the isopeptide bond formation mediated by transglutaminases.

Fig. 4 |

The isopeptide bond is formed between Gln and Lys residues of the protein or peptide substrates. A Cys in transglutaminases (TGMs) is the catalytic residue for this reaction, which proceeds through a reactive thioester intermediate. Ammonia is the by-product of this enzymatic ligation.

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