Table 2.
Key upper-limb muscle groups (ISNCSCI) and upper-limb muscles (GRASSP assessment)
| Segment | Spinal Level | Key muscle groups ISNCSCI-ULMS | Muscles GRASSP-Strength Subtest |
|---|---|---|---|
| Upper arm Forearm | C5 | Anterior deltoid | |
| Elbow Flexors | Biceps brachii | ||
| C6 | Wrist Extensors | Extensor carpi radialis | |
| C7 | Elbow Extensors | Triceps brachii | |
| Hand | Extensor digitorum | ||
| C8 | Finger Flexors | Flexor digitorum profundus | |
| Opponens pollicis | |||
| Flexor pollicis longus | |||
| T1 | Finger Abductors (little finger) | Abductor digiti minimi | |
| First dorsal interosseous |
ISNCSCI, International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury; ULMS, upper-limb motor score; GRASSP, Graded and Redefined Assessment of Strength, Sensibility, and Prehension; C, cervical; T, thoracic.