Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of study participants on PICU admissions.
| Characteristics | All participants (N = 858) | Nonobese (n = 668) | Obese (n = 190) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, (years) | 7.3 (5–10) | 7.3 (4.7–10.2) | 7.3 (5.4–9.8) | .28 |
| Male, n (%) | 454 (53) | 322 (48) | 132 (69) | <.01 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 17.9 (15.8–21) | 16.9 (15.1–18.9) | 23.3 (21–25.3) | <.001 |
| Underlying diseases, yes | 45 (5.3) | 30 (4.5) | 15 (7.9) | .09 |
| Grading of dengue severity* | .08 | |||
| Compensated DSS, n (%) | 793 (92) | 623 (93) | 170 (89) | |
| Decompensated DSS, n (%) | 65 (8) | 45 (7) | 20 (11) | |
| Length of PICU stay, days | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (2–4) | .13 |
| Severe bleeding, n (%) | 68 (7.9) | 52 (7.8) | 16 (8.4) | .87 |
| Respiratory rate, (breaths per min) | 26 (24–30) | 26 (24–30) | 26 (24–30) | .60 |
| Systolic shock index, (bpm/mm Hg) | 1.28 (1.09–1.48) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 1.2 (1.03–1.42) | .06 |
| Diastolic shock index, (bpm/mm Hg) | 1.71 (1.44–2.0) | 1.71 (1.47–2.1) | 1.63 (1.38–1.88) | .07 |
| White blood cell count (x 109/L) | 4.9 (3.3–7.1) | 4.8 (3.3–7.0) | 5.2 (3.5–7.4) | .18 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.7 (13.2–16) | 14.6 (13.2–15.9) | 15.1 (13.7–16.3) | .36 |
| Peak hematocrit (%) | 48 (45–51) | 47 (44–50) | 49 (45–51) | <.01 |
| Nadir hematocrit (%) | 38 (35–42) | 38 (35–41) | 39 (35–42) | .03 |
| Platelet cell count (x 109/L) | 38 (24–58) | 40 (24–59) | 37 (23–56) | .49 |
| AST (IU/L) | 196 (106–609) | 179 (100–560) | 241 (123–660) | .37 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 87 (41–282) | 79 (38–266) | 123 (54–298) | .42 |
| International normalized ratio | 1.24 (1.1–1.53) | 1.24 (1.1–1.51) | 1.25 (1.1–1.55) | .15 |
| Serum lactate (mmol/L) | 2.2 (1.6–3.2) | 2.2 (1.6–3.0) | 2.6 (1.7–3.6) | .70 |
| Serum creatinin (µmol/L) | 52 (44–61) | 52 (44–60) | 54 (46–63) | .32 |
| Troponin I (ng/mL) | 0.03 (0.01–0.19) | 0.02 (0.01–0.15) | 0.1 (0.01–0.35) | .14 |
| Ascites on sonography, n (%) | 413 (59) | 320 (58) | 93 (63) | .30 |
| Respiratory support, n (%) | .58 | |||
| Normal breathing (room air) | 309 (36) | 247 (37) | 62 (33) | |
| Nasal cannula oxygenation | 403 (47) | 310 (46) | 93 (49) | |
| NCPAP | 34 (4) | 30 (5) | 4 (2) | |
| Mechanical ventilation | 112 (13) | 81 (12) | 31 (16) | |
| Severe hepatic transaminases | 108 (13) | 87 (13) | 21 (11) | .55 |
| Dengue-associated PALF, n (%) | 59 (6.9) | 49 (7.3) | 10 (5.3) | .41 |
| Fatal outcome, n (%) | 24 (2.8) | 19 (2.8) | 5 (2.6) | 1.0 |
Notes: Summary statistics are presented as median (interquartile range, IQR) for continuous variables and frequency (%) for categorical variables.
ALT = alanine aminotransferase; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; DSS = dengue shock syndrome; NCPAP = nasal continuous positive airway pressure; PALF = dengue-associated acute liver failure; PICU = pediatric intensive care unit.
*
DSS, classified according to WHO 2009 dengue guidelines.