Table 3. HR and 95% CI for mortality in ACHD after adjusting for age and other confounders.
| Variables | Crude HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR (95% CI)a | Adjusted HR (95% CI)b | Adjusted HR (95% CI)c | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | |||||
| 20–29 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| 30–39 | 0.74 (0.23–2.34) | 0.78 (0.24–2.46) | 0.77 (0.24–2.45) | 0.80 (0.25–2.52) | |
| 40–49 | 1.26 (0.46–3.43) | 1.14 (0.42–3.13) | 1.11 (0.40–3.04) | 1.14 (0.42–3.13) | |
| 50–59 | 1.57 (0.59–4.11) | 1.33 (0.50–3.54) | 1.28 (0.48–3.42) | 1.35 (0.51–3.56) | |
| 60–69 | 4.99 (2.00–12.4)*** | 3.80 (1.50–9.63)* | 3.66 (1.43–9.39)* | 3.78 (1.49–9.59)* | |
| 70+ | 12.0 (4.86–29.9)*** | 6.62 (2.59–16.8)*** | 6.45 (2.49–16.7)*** | 6.51 (2.55–16.6)*** | |
| Sex, male vs. female | 1.20 (0.90–1.60) | 1.37 (1.01–1.85)* | 1.39 (1.03–1.89)* | 1.35 (1.01–1.83)* | |
| Type of ACHD of great complexity, yes vs. no | 1.84 (1.29–2.63)*** | 1.80 (1.24–2.61)* | 1.85 (1.28–2.70)* | 1.78 (1.23–2.58)* | |
| MS, yes vs. no | 1.59 (1.19–2.13)* | 1.06 (0.78–1.44) | 1.04 (0.76–1.41) | - | |
| CKD, yes vs. no | 6.42 (4.68–8.82)*** | 2.69 (1.89–3.83)*** | - | - | |
| Degree of renal dysfunction, eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | |||||
| ≥ 90 | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | |
| 60–89 | 1.56 (1.10–2.22)* | - | 1.07 (0.74–1.54) | - | |
| 30–59 | 7.73 (5.02–11.8)*** | - | 2.48 (1.56–3.96)*** | - | |
| 15–29 | 14.3 (7.65–26.7)*** | - | 5.69 (2.91–11.1)*** | - | |
| < 15 | 5.87 (2.99–11.5)*** | - | 2.50 (1.21–5.13)* | - | |
| Coexistence of CKD and MS | |||||
| Non-CKD and non-MS | 1.0 | - | - | 1.0 | |
| Non-CKD and MS | 1.44 (1.01–2.05)* | - | - | 1.11 (0.78–1.59) | |
| CKD and non-MS | 8.91 (5.70–13.9)*** | - | - | 3.56 (2.22–5.70)*** | |
| CKD and MS | 6.39 (4.15–9.82)*** | - | - | 2.42 (1.52–3.84)*** | |
| Angina, yes vs. no | 1.47 (1.01–2.14)* | 0.63 (0.41–0.97)* | 0.65 (0.43–0.99)* | 0.65 (0.42–0.99)* | |
| Myocardial infarction, yes vs. no | 4.52 (2.62–7.79)*** | 2.75 (1.50–5.03)* | 2.76 (1.50–5.06)* | 2.94 (1.60–5.38)* | |
| Heart failure, yes vs. no | 1.91 (1.39–2.64)*** | 1.17 (0.81–1.68) | 1.11 (0.77–1.61) | 1.18 (0.82–1.70) | |
| Arrhythmia, yes vs. no | 1.44 (1.05–1.96)* | 0.96 (0.68–1.35) | 0.99 (0.71–1.40) | 0.94 (0.67–1.32) | |
| Cerebrovascular accident, yes vs. no | 1.62 (1.18–2.22)* | 1.22 (0.88–1.69) | 1.24 (0.89–1.71) | 1.24 (0.89–1.72) | |
| Cancer, yes vs. no | 3.20 (2.33–4.40)*** | 2.10 (1.51–2.92)*** | 2.10 (1.51–2.92)*** | 2.12 (1.52–2.94)*** | |
| Anemia, yes vs. no | 4.05 (3.03–5.41)*** | 2.10 (1.53–2.88)*** | 2.08 (1.51–2.86)*** | 2.08 (1.52–2.85)*** | |
HR = hazard ratio, CI = confidence interval, ACHD = adult congenital heart disease, MS = metabolic syndrome, CKD = chronic kidney disease, eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate.
aEstimated by multiple Cox proportional hazard model analyses after adjusting for age, sex, type of ACHD of great complexity, MS, CKD, angina, myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmia, cerebrovascular accident, cancer, and anemia.
bEstimated by multiple Cox proportional hazard model analyses after adjusting for age, sex, type of ACHD of great complexity, MS, eGFR grade, angina, myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmia, cerebrovascular accident, cancer, and anemia.
cEstimated by multiple Cox proportional hazard model analyses after adjusting for age, sex, type of ACHD of great complexity, coexistence of MS and CKD, angina, myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmia, cerebrovascular accident, cancer, and anemia.
*P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001.