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. 2023 Nov 2;9(11):e21231. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21231

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Effect of vaccarin on the viability of HK-2 cells and renal damage. For cell experiments, the suspended HK-2 cells were firstly seeded in 96-well plates. After starving for 12 h in DMEM/F12 medium containing 0.5 % FBS, the cells were pretreated with vaccarin for 12 h, followed by 24 h treatment with or without cisplatin. (A) The molecular structure of vaccarin. (B) The effect of different concentrations of vacation on the viability of HK-2 cells (n = 3). (C) Protective effect of different concentrations of vaccarin on HK-2 cells treated with cisplatin (n = 3). (D, E, F) Western blot and quantitative analysis of KIM-1 (n = 4). (G) Creatinine assay, (H) BUN assay (I, J) and the results of PAS staining showed that vaccarin could alleviate cisplatin-induced renal damage (n = 6). Results were presented as mean ± S.E.M. in vivo experiments. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01 and *p < 0.05 versus the control group; ###p < 0.001, ##p < 0.01 and #p < 0.05 versus the cisplatin-treated group.