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. 2023 Oct 28;9(11):e21709. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21709

Table 2.

Effect of cooking method on physicochemical properties.

Samples Cooking treatments pH H L* a* b* c
Carrot Raw 6.14 ± 0.06 63.45 ± 1.23 60.11 ± 1.25 22.55 ± 0.23 45.12 ± 1.23 50.44 ± 2.23
Boiling 6.18 ± 0.04 55.71 ± 1.65 57.70 ± 1.83 24.20 ± 0.54 35.49 ± 1.76 42.96 ± 2.65
Steam 6.06 ± 0.03 66.5 ± 1.76 56.80 ± 0.76 18.37 ± 0.42 42.24 ± 2.63 46 ± 1.56
Micro wave 5.92 ± 0.02 63.54 ± 0.87 60.03 ± 0.63 20.00 ± 1.02 40.20 ± 1.93 44.90 ± 2.23
Pumpkin Raw 6.31 ± 0.05 78.34 ± 0.65 55.11 ± 0.93 10.73 ± 0.54 51.98 ± 1,23 53.07 ± 2.65
Boiling 6.50 ± 0.07 76.69 ± 1.07 50.35 ± 1.78 8.34 ± 0.87 35.28 ± 1.24 36.25 ± 1.67
Steam 6.43 ± 0.09 82.49 ± 2.9 53.91 ± 2.24 4.59 ± 0.59 34.86 ± 2.34 35.1 ± 2.39
Micro wave 6.11 ± 0.08 83.14 ± 0.32 52.21 ± 0.32 6.13 ± 0.78 50.96 ± 1.94 51.33 ± 1.32
Pea Raw 6.25 ± 0.04 103.92 ± 0.94 36.76 ± 0.94 −7.56 ± 0.24 30.49 ± 1.39 31.41 ± 1.94
Boiling 6.52 ± 0.02 101.99 ± 1.39 35.11 ± 2.39 −7.91 ± 0.32 37.23 ± 1.29 38.06 ± 2.39
Steam 6.48 ± 0.03 101.43 ± 0.89 31.51 ± 1.89 −6.59 ± 0.53 32.62 ± 1.28 33.28 ± 0.73
Micro wave 6.44 ± 0.06 106.21 ± 1.06 30.01 ± 1.78 −9.55 ± 0.86 32.83 ± 1.12 34.19 ± 1.26
Spinach Raw 6.43 ± 0.05 120.96 ± 1.23 35.68 ± 1.12 −4.51 ± 0.25 7.53 ± 2.23 8.78 ± 1.42
Boiling 6.65 ± 0.02 109.42 ± 2.02 30.83 ± 2.73 −3.2 ± 0.22 9.008 ± 1.56 9.03 ± 1.02
Steam 6.58 ± 0.03 96.71 ± 1.70 35.76 ± 1.26 −1.0 ± 0.73 8.47 ± 2.87 8.53 ± 1.23
Micro wave 6.49 ± 0.01 121.39 ± 2.01 35.92 ± 2.87 −3.1 ± 0.71 5.08 ± 0.99 5.75 ± 1.11
Sathkora Raw 1.79 ± 0.09 92.46 ± 2.09 51.47 ± 0.99 −0.43 ± 0.89 10.41 ± 2.73 10.42 ± 2.19
Boiling 2.07 ± 0.08 90.63 ± 1.56 49.62 ± 2.37 −0.12 ± 1.23 10.63 ± 2.02 10.63 ± 1.56
Steam 1.95 ± 0.02 93.31 ± 2.02 51.32 ± 2.02 −0.56 ± 0.92 9.61 ± 1.62 9.62 ± 2.42
Micro wave 1.93 ± 0.03 97.2 ± 1.62 50.51 ± 1.62 −1.35 ± 0.53 10.54 ± 1.33 10.63 ± 1.32
Green pepper Raw 5.18 ± 0.08 121.43 ± 1.23 60.44 ± 1.93 −11.57 ± 0.28 19.58 ± 1.62 23.03 ± 1.13
Boiling 5.21 ± 0.06 92.35 ± 1.34 56.71 ± 2.34 −1.13 ± 1.06 28.65 ± 1.02 28.68 ± 2.34
Steam 5.11 ± 0.01 105.55 ± 2.98 56.84 ± 3.02 −3.93 ± 1.01 15.96 ± 1.21 16.63 ± 1.98
Micro wave 5.45 ± 0.09 124.93 ± 2.43 58.63 ± 1.76 −11.45 ± 0.49 15.24 ± 1.76 19.12 ± 2.23

-Values in the table presented as mean ± Standard deviation of triplet evaluation.