Table 4.
Results of analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) and Cohen d for the secondary and additional outcomes (intention-to-treat [ITT] and per-protocol [PP] analyses) at the postintervention assessment pointa.
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Baseline assessment (IGb: n=523; CGc: n=522), mean (SD) | Postinterventi on assessment observed (PP; IG: n=253; CG: n=301), mean (SD) | Postintervention assessment estimated, mean (SD) | ANCOVA (ITT, multiple imputation) | ANCOVA (PP) | RFLBd | |||||||||||||||
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F test (df) |
P value |
Cohen d (95% CI) | F test (df) |
P value |
Cohen d (95% CI) | Lower bounde (SD) | Upper bounde (SD) | ||||||||||
| Symptom burden (composite score) | 13.75 (99, 633.44) | <.001 | 0.28 (0.13-0.43) | 17.55 (1, 551) | <.001 | 0.34 (0.17-0.51) | 0.02 (0.01) | −0.04 (0.01) | |||||||||||||
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Intervention | 0.43 (0.07) | 0.41 (0.09) | 0.41 (0.09) |
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Control | 0.43 (0.07) | 0.44 (0.09) | 0.44 (0.10) |
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| Quality of life (AQoL-8Df) | 5.49 (99, 672.22) | .02 | 0.19 (0.05-0.34) | 5.22 (1, 551) | .02 | 0.23 (0.06-0.40) | 1.72 (1.60) | 6.46 (1.26) | |||||||||||||
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Intervention | 88.13 (13.77) | 84.09 (16.36) | 84.22 (16.67) |
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Control | 89.19 (14.49) | 87.90 (16.92) | 87.46 (16.92) |
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| Depression (PHQ-9g) | 21.54 (99, 690.83) | <.001 | 0.34 (0.19-0.49) | 25.22 (1, 551) | <.001 | 0.39 (0.22-0.56) | 1.13 (0.45) | 2.32 (0.30) | |||||||||||||
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Intervention | 10.62 (3.83) | 8.96 (4.44) | 9.10 (4.55) |
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Control | 10.63 (3.59) | 10.71 (4.58) | 10.65 (4.60) |
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| Anxiety (GAD-7h) | 8.73 (99, 693.01) | .003 | 0.22 (0.07-0.37) | 11.34 (1, 551) | .001 | 0.28 (0.11-0.45) | 0.68 (0.34) | 1.61 (0.24) | |||||||||||||
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Intervention | 8.25 (3.17) | 7.31 (4.06) | 7.39 (4.13) |
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Control | 8.27 (3.31) | 8.46 (4.13) | 8.30 (4.14) |
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| Somatic symptoms (PHQ-15i) | 7.07 (99, 837.46) | .008 | 0.20 (0.05-0.35) | 2.14 (1, 551) | .008 | 0.24 (0.08-0.41) | 0.46 (0.41) | 1.62 (0.33) | |||||||||||||
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Intervention | 9.57 (3.24) | 9.02 (4.13) | 9.07 (4.18) |
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Control | 9.69 (3.25) | 10.05 (9.92) | 9.92 (4.41) |
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| Insomnia (RISj) | 5.31 (99, 672.22) | .02 | 0.19 (0.05-0.34) | 5.22 (1, 551) | .02 | 0.23 (0.06-0.40) | 0.33 (0.54) | 1.89 (0.44) | |||||||||||||
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Intervention | 13.98 (5.52) | 12.65 (5.77) | 12.64 (5.84) |
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Control | 14.10 (5.47) | 13.71 (5.72) | 13.52 (5.84) |
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aThe F test results were pooled using the D2 statistic [65].
bIG: intervention group.
cCG: control group.
dRFLB: Random Forest Lee Bound.
eThese are lower and upper bounds of the Random Forest Lee Bound procedure.
fAqOL-8D: Assessment of Quality of Life–8 Dimensions.
gPHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (depression module).
hGAD-7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder–7 (anxiety module).
iPHQ-15: Patient Health Questionnaire–15 (somatic symptom module).
jRIS: Regensburg Insomnia Scale.