Table 1.
Clinical and demographic features of the study population.
| Clinical Characteristics | Discovery Cohort (n = 60) | Validation Cohort (n = 114) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control Group (n = 30) | Hypertension Group (n = 30) | p | Control Group (n = 55) | Hypertension Group (n = 59) | p | |
| Mean age | 45.6 ± 13.167 | 45.7 ± 13.02 | 0.955 | 43.91 ± 15.44 | 48.57 ± 12.72 | 0.079 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Males, N (%) | 15 (50%) | 15 (50%) | - | 24 (43.64%) | 35 (59.32%) | 0.133 |
| Females, N (%) | 15 (50%) | 15 (50%) | - | 31 (56.36%) | 24 (40.68%) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.25 ± 2.238 | 30.52 ± 3.377 | 0.0001 | 25.27 ± 2.95 | 28.93 ± 3.14 | 0.0001 |
| Blood pressure | ||||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 120.43 ± 5.67 | 147.8 ± 13.67 | 0.0001 | 122.2 ± 7.91 | 150.5 ± 14.39 | 0.0001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 77.57 ± 6.24 | 98.33 ± 6.73 | 0.0001 | 78.0 ± 6.55 | 97.42 ± 5.38 | 0.0001 |
| Hypertension treatment | ||||||
| Untreated, N (%) | - | 6 (20%) | - | - | 14 (23.73%) | - |
| Treated, N (%) | 24 (80%) | - | - | 45 (76.27%) | ||
| Anti-hypertension therapy | ||||||
| No therapy, N (%) | - | 6 (20%) | - | - | 14 (23.73%) | - |
| Monotherapy, N (%) | - | 19 (63.33%) | - | - | 37 (62.71%) | |
| Combined therapy, N (%) | 5 (16.67%) | - | - | 8 (13.56%) | ||
| Complications caused by hypertension | ||||||
| No complications, N (%) | - | 27 (90%) | - | - | 54 (91.53%) | - |
| With complications, N (%) | 3 (10%) | - | - | 5 (8.47%) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | ||||||
| Non-diabetic patients, N (%) | - | - | - | - | 50 (84.75%) | - |
| Diabetic patients, N (%) | - | - | - | - | 8 (13.56%) | - |
| Hospitalization due to uncontrolled hypertension, N (%) | - | - | - | - | 1 (1.69%) | - |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Current smokers, N (%) | 5 (16.66%) | 17 (56.66%) | 0.005 | 13 (23.64%) | 27 (45.76%) | 0.003 |
| Former smokers, N (%) | 6 (20.00%) | 3 (10.00%) | 4 (7.27%) | 10 (16.95%) | ||
| Non-smokers, N (%) | 19 (63.33%) | 10 (33.33% | 38 (69.09%) | 22 (37.29%) | ||
| Alcohol consumption, N (%) | 5 (16.66%) | 12 (40.00%) | 0.084 | 39 (70.91%) | 25 (42.37%) | 0.002 |
| Hypertension family history | ||||||
| Positive family history | 13 (43.33%) | 24 (80%) | 0.010 | 16 (29.09%) | 45 (76.27%) | 0.999 |
| Negative family history | 15 (50%) | 6 (20% | 37 (67.27%) | 14 (23.73%) | ||
| Unknown family history | 2 (6.67%) | 0 | 2 (3.64%) | 0 | ||