Table 3.
Characterization of individuals displaying a detectable or undetectable SARS-CoV-2 T cell response in the two groups: vaccinated and naive to infection and vaccinated and previously infection
| Characteristics | Vaccinated and naive to infection (VNI) | Vaccinated and previously infected (VPI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Undetectable SARS-CoV-2 T cell response | Detectable SARS-CoV-2 T cell response | p-value1 | Undetectable SARS-CoV-2 T cell response | Detectable SARS-CoV-2 T cell response | p-value1 | p-value: detectable T cell response VNI vs VPI | |
| n | 47 | 156 | 7 | 61 | |||
| M/F | 12/35 | 26/130 | 0.2 | 0/7 | 17/42 | 0.06 | |
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 43 (37; 57) | 50 (42; 56) | 0.05 | 48 (37; 57) | 51 (40; 57) | 0.6 | 0.9 |
| BMI (ratio), median (IQR) | 23.6 (21.4; 26.9) | 23.7 (21.8; 26.8) | 0.6 | 23.4 (22.1; 24.2) | 25 (22.3; 27.9) | 0.1 | 0.2 |
| Comorbidities (n, %) | 21 (44.7%) | 67 (42.9%) | 0.9 | 3 (42.7%) | 27 (44.3%) | > 0.9 | 0.9 |
| HCWs (n, %) | 12 (25.5%) | 32 (20.5%) | 0.5 | 3 (42.7%) | 18 (29.5%) | 0.7 | 0.2 |
| Time between infection and sampling (days), median (IQR) | – | – | 387 (287.5; 404.5) | 342 (263.3; 443) | > 0.9 | – | |
| Time between vaccination and sampling (days), median (IQR) | 176 (133; 206) | 177 (145.3; 209.8) | 0.9 | 196 (153; 217) | 175 (102; 218) | 0.4 | 0.09 |
| Number of vaccine doses, (n, %) | 2 (51, 100%) | 2 (156, 100%) | 1 (3, 42.9%); 2 (4, 57.1%) | 1 (39, 63.9%); 2 (20, 32.8%) | 0.2 | – | |
| Anti-SP IgG (BAU/mL), median (IQR) | 104 (67; 193) | 164 (81.5; 349.3) | 0.014* | 182 (95; 803) | 473 (242.5; 1414) | 0.06 | < 0.0001 |
| Neutralization of Wuhan variant, median (IQR) | 2.8 (1.9; 7.4) | 4.5 (2.2; 8.3) | 0.057 | 9 (4; 18) | 13.1 (7; 34.8) | 0.2 | < 0.0001 |
| Neutralization of Alpha variant, median (IQR) | 2.2 (1.6; 5.4) | 3.5 (1.7; 6.3) | 0.09 | 9.7 (3.7; 15.5) | 13.2 (6.6; 35.6) | 0.15 | < 0.0001 |
| Neutralization of Delta variant, median (IQR) | 2.7 (1.7; 5.6) | 3.9 (1.8; 6.7) | 0.09 | 8.8 (4; 11.8) | 14 (6.7; 42.3) | 0.1 | < 0.0001 |
| SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell response (IU/mL), median (IQR) | – | 0.3 (0.19; 0.71) | – | 0.59 (0.27; 1.5) | – | 0.0002*** | |
N number, IQR interquartile range, HCW health care workers, Anti-SP anti-Spike, IgG immunoglobulin G, Anti-N anti-nucleocapsid
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.005, ***p < 0.0005, ****p < 0.00005
1Mann-Whitney test for quantitative variables; Fisher’s exact test for qualitative variables. All tests are two-sided with statistical significance p < 0.05