Table 1.
Study characteristics of included studies
| Author/year | Country | VUR grade | Age | Follow-up | UTI definition | Comparisons |
| Hari 201520 | India | VUR grade III, IV | <12 years | 1 year | (+) UC | AbxP versus no AbxP |
| Craig 200921 | Australia | VUR grade III, IV | <18 years | 1 year | (+) UC | AbxP versus no AbxP |
| Pennesi 200822 | Italy | VUR grade II, III, IV | <2.5 years | 4 years | Febrile UTI | AbxP versus no AbxP |
| Olbing 199218 | Germany | VUR grade III, IV | <11 years | 5 years | No information | AbxP versus Sx Rx |
| Jodal 200619 | US | VUR grade III, IV | <11 years | 5 years | (+) UC | AbxP versus Sx Rx |
| Weiss 199223 | US | VUR grade III, IV | < 10 years | 4.5 years | No information | AbxP versus Sx Rx |
| BRSG 198324 | UK | VUR grade III or grade II with scarring |
>1 year | 2 years | (+) UC | Sx Rx versus AbxP |
| Garcia-Aparicio 201325 | Spain | VUR grade II, III, IV | >1 year | 5 years | No information | Endo Rx versus Sx Rx |
| Capozza 200226 | Italy | VUR grade II, III, IV | >1 year | 1 year | (+) UC | Endo Rx versus AbxP |
| Brandström 201127 | Sweden | VUR grade III, IV | 1–2 years | 2 years | Febrile UTI | Endo Rx versus AbxP versus no AbxP |
| Salih 202128 | Egypt | VUR grade III, IV | 10 years | 2 years | No information | Endo Rx versus Sx Rx |
AbxP, antibiotic prophylaxis; Sx Rx, surgical treatment; Endo Rx, endoscopic treatment; UC, urine culture; UTI, urinary tract infection; VUR, vesicoureteral reflux.