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. 2023 Nov 20;7(1):e002096. doi: 10.1136/bmjpo-2023-002096

Table 3.

Summary of findings of GRADE analysis for pairwise comparisons

Outcomes No of participants (studies) Follow-up Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) Relative effect (95% CI) Anticipated absolute effects
Risk with control Risk difference with intervention*
 UTI recurrence
 (AbxP vs No AbxP) follow-up: range 1–4 years		 297 (3 RCTs) High OR 1.07 (0.51 to 2.24) 166 per 1000 10 more per 1000 (74 fewer to 142 more)
 UTI recurrence
 (Sx Rx vs AbxP) follow-up: range 2–5 years		 473 (3 RCTs) Moderate OR 0.75 (0.43 to 1.29) 268 per 1000 53 fewer per 1000 (132 fewer to 53 more)
 UTI recurrence
 (Endo Rx vs AbxP) follow-up: range 1–2 years		 195 (2 RCTs) High OR 2.03 (0.89 to 4.64) 111 per 1000 91 more per 1000 (11 fewer to 256 more)
 UTI recurrence
 (Endo Rx vs Sx Rx) follow-up: median 1 year		 41 (1 RCT) High Not estimable 0 per 1000 0 fewer per 1000 (0 fewer to 0 fewer)
 Progression of old lesion
 (AbxP vs Sx Rx) follow-up: range 2–5 years		 534 (3 RCTs) Moderate OR 1.23 (0.79 to 1.93) 163 per 1000 30 more per 1000 (30 fewer to 110 more)
 Progression of old lesion
 (AbxP vs No AbxP) follow-up: median 4 years		 100 (1 RCT) High OR 0.09 (0.01 to 0.76) 180 per 1000 161 fewer per 1000 (178 fewer to 37 fewer)
 Formation of new renal scars
 (AbxP vs Sx Rx) follow-up: range 4–5 years		 438 (2 RCTs) Moderate OR 0.86 (0.51 to 1.44) 167 per 1000 20 fewer per 1000 (74 fewer to 57 more)
 Formation of new renal scars
 (Endo Rx vs No AbxP) follow-up: median 2 years		 134 (1 RCT) Moderate‡ OR 0.66 (0.22 to 1.96) 132 per 1000 41 fewer per 1000 (100 fewer to 98 more)
 RRU
 (Sx Rx vs Endo Rx) follow-up: range 2–5 years		 160 (2 RCTs) Moderate‡ OR 5.02 (1.47 to 17.13) 825 per 1000 134 more per 1000 (49 more to 163 more)
 RRU
 (Sx Rx vs AbxP) follow-up: median 2 years		 134 (1 RCT) Moderate‡ OR 94.59 (20.87 to 428.74) 262 per 1000 709 more per 1000 (619 more to 732 more)
 RRU
 (Endo Rx vs AbxP) follow-up: median 1 years		 82 (1 RCT) Moderate‡ OR 8.33 (3.14 to 22.13) 333 per 1000 473 more per 1000 (278 more to 584 more)

GRADE Working Group grades of evidence.

High certainty: we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect.

Moderate certainty: we are moderately confident in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different.

Low certainty: our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect.

Very low certainty: we have very little confidence in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect.

Bold values were Odd ratios(OR) and risk differences for each treatment comparison.

*The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% CI) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI).

†Unclear explanation of randomisation process in two studies and some missing data in one study.

‡Unclear explanation of randomisation process.

RCTs, randomised controlled trials; RRU, resolution by renal units; UTI, urinary tract infection.