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. 2023 Nov 7;14:1250268. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1250268

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Copyright © 2023 Hall, Radford-Smith, Savage, Robinson, Cocchi and Moran.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Targeted analyses of effective brain connectivity (Dynamic Causal Modelling, DCM). (A) Candidate regions were selected from the HMM brain states for a DCM analysis. (B) The Local Field Potential (LFP) convolution-based neural mass model was selected, modelling three subpopulations with five intrinsic connections. Extrinsic afferents are conceptualised as (A) forward connections arriving at the input spiny stellate population; (B) backward connections arriving at both the output pyramidal and interneuron populations. (C) Extrinsic (between-region) efferents project from the output pyramidal population to distant targets. (C,D) Results from MANCOVA post-hoc tests, showing significantly stronger effective connectivity from the left insula to the mPFC in CD individuals. (E) Multiple regression in CD group testing whether disease duration and behavioural symptoms predict the strength of left insula to mPFC connectivity. * denotes p < 0.05; *** denotes p < 0.0005.