Table 1.

Participant Demographics and summary.

Demographics				CUD group
Gender	Male			58 (55%)
	Female			48 (45%)
Age			Mean ± sd	36.4 ± 8.6 years
Smoking	Non-smoker			35 (35%)
	Ex-smoker			10 (10%)
	Current smoker			56 (55%)
Codeine Use	Duration		Mean ± sd	6.0 ± 6.5 years
	Max daily dose	Overall	Mean ± sd	660 ± 487 mg/day
			Range	40–2700 mg/day
		PM	Mean ± sd	750 ± 397 mg/day	aF(3,93) = 0.88, p = 0.45
		IM	Mean ± sd	639 ± 508 mg/day
		NM	Mean ± sd	698 ± 507 mg/day
		UM	Mean ± sd	408 ± 175 mg/day
Treatment choice	Buprenorphine	Withdrawal only		5 (5%)
		ORT		95 (91%)
	Methadone	ORT		4 (4%)
ORT doses	Buprenorphine ORT stabilisation doses		Median, IQR	16, 8–20 mg/day
			Range	2–40 mg/day
	Buprenorphine ORT max doses		Median, IQR	20, 16–28 mg/day
			Range	2–40 mg/day
	Buprenorphine withdrawal only max dosesb		Median, IQR	1, 0.6–6 mg/day
			Range	0.3–10 mg/day
	Methadone ORT max doses		Range	35–160 mg/day

ORT opioid replacement therapy, PM poor metaboliser, IM intermediate, NM normal, UM ultrarapid metaboliser.

^aResult from one-way ANOVA.

^bOne participant used transdermal buprenorphine patches only.