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. 2023 Aug 2;17(6):1545–1556. doi: 10.1007/s12072-023-10570-5

Table 1.

Baseline demographics of patients

Clinical factors Training dataset (N = 390) Validation dataset (N = 97) p Value
Age (year) 51.8 ± 11.8 55.2 ± 14.5 0.012*
Sex (N) 0.062
 Male 308 68
 Female 82 29
Etiology (N) 0.820
 Alcohol 163 26
 Hepatitis B/C 144 47
 Cholestatic 11 1
 Others 72 23
Child–Pugh score (point) 8 (6, 9) 7 (7, 9) 0.880
ALT 20.0 (14.0, 30.0) 21.0 (15.0, 36.0) 0.222
AST 28.0 (22.0, 41.0) 29.0 (21.5, 46.5) 0.177
Direct bilirubin (μmol/L) 8.7 (5.5, 14. 2) 9.6 (6.0, 17.7) 0.122
Indirect bilirubin (μmol/L) 9.1 (6.4, 13.4) 10.0 (7.1, 16.8) 0.216
Serum sodium (mmol/L) 140.0(138.0, 142.0) 139.0 (136.0, 142.0) 0.015*
INR 1.3 (1. 2, 1.5) 1.3 (1.2, 1.4) 0.497
Ammonia (μmol/L) 0.552
  < 72.0 349 85
  ≥ 72.0 41 12
Indication for TIPS (N) 0.096
 Variceal bleeding 336 77
 Refractory ascites 54 20
Liver cancer 0.961
 Yes 53 13
 No 337 84
Diabetes 0.764
 Yes 83 22
 No 307 75

Normally distributed factors are expressed using means ± standard deviations; non-normally distributed factors are expressed as medians (interquartile ranges)

ALT Alanine aminotransferase, AST Aspartate aminotransferase, INR International normalized ratio

*With a p < 0.050