Table 1.

Genes associated with oxidative stress characteristics in DS

Gene	Name	Protein significance	References
Cause of oxidative status disturbance in DS
DYRK1A	Dual Specificity Tyrosine Phosphorylation Regulated Kinase 1A	A member of the Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK) family involved in promotion of apoptosis in response to oxidative stress	Choi and Chung (2011) and Kimura et al. (2006)
NRIP1	Nuclear Receptor Interacting Protein 1	Interaction with the hormone-dependent activation of nuclear receptors (modulation of transcriptional activity of the estrogen receptor)	Izzo et al. (2014)
SOD1	Superoxide Dismutase Type 1	Mitochondrial protein responsible for destroying free superoxide radicals	Netto et al. (2004)
SUMO3	Small Ubiquitin Like Modifier 3	Involved in nuclear transport, DNA replication and repair, mitosis, transcriptional regulation, and signal transduction	Prandini et al. (2007)
The effect of impaired oxidative status in DS
CBS	Cystathionine Beta-Synthase	Involved in mitochondrial dysfunction based on impaired oxidative stress detoxification by either oxidation catalyzed by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) or by reduction to their corresponding alcohols by carbonyl reductase (CBR) and/or alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)	Marechal et al. (2019) and Perluigi and Butterfield (2012)
S100B	S100 Calcium Binding Protein B	Cell cycle regulator	Lu et al. (2011), Whitaker-Azmitia et al. (2010)