Table 5.

Sleep-related eating disorder.

Sleep-related eating disorder
Eating Disorder Diagnosis	Screening	Treatment	References
Sleep-related eating disorder (SRED) is a parasomnia (i.e., undesired event accompanying sleep) with “sleep-walking,” resulting in repeated episodes of compulsive binge eating and drinking after waking up at night. Non rapid eye movement (NREM) SRED may be more frequent in patients with narcolepsy, sleepwalking, restless legs syndrome, and obstructive sleep apnea, and usually occurs while patients are partially awake Patients with SRED often have no memory of the event afterward. Individuals with SRED may have accidental injuries. An awareness of evening or nocturnal ingestions helps differentiate NES from SRED.	Patients with SRED may not score differently than NES on sleep questionnaires (i.e., Sleep Disturbance Questionnaire). Thus, diagnosis is mainly a clinical one.	The treatment of SRED is dependent on the cause. For example, drug-induced sleep-related eating disorder is best managed by stopping or altering the dose of the offending drug (e.g., benzodiazepines, psychotropic mediations (e.g., olanzapine, risperidone, and quetiapine), mirtazapine, and zolpidem). Patients with SRED should avoid drugs that may worsen the condition. Other treatments include: (1) stress management, (2) “sleep hygiene” (e.g., allowing sufficient sleep time while avoiding screen time, caffeine, and alcohol before bedtime), (3) locks or alarms on ovens, cabinets, and refrigerators, and (4) moving hazards (i.e., furniture) from likely paths to the kitchen to avoid falling. Drug treatment includes selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, topiramate, and (perhaps paradoxically) clonazepam.	[53,56,57] [[58], [59], [60], [61]]