Table 13.

Top Takeaways: Metabolic Comorbidities Associated with Obesity in Children. Shown are the top takeaways from the OMA regarding metabolic comorbidities associated with obesity in children.

1.	Low serum vitamin D status in US adolescents has been found to be strongly associated with hyperglycemia, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome, with a relationship independent of adiposity.
2.	Deficiency of vitamin D is defined by the Institute of Medicine and Endocrine Society clinical practice guidelines as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] < 20 ng/mL.
3.	Treatment includes supplementation with vitamin D for at least 6 weeks or until acceptable blood levels are reached.
4.	Children with obesity, malabsorptive syndromes, or taking medications affecting vitamin D metabolism may require larger doses to achieve the same serum levels as children without these conditions.