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. 2023 Nov 20;8:178. doi: 10.1038/s41541-023-00773-0

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Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — The number of cases (pink line), number of deaths (teal line), and number of vaccine doses administered (purple line) are all influenced by pandemic preparedness and response tactics. Decreasing the delay between responses and the point of pandemic declaration would lower the number of cases and deaths earlier in a pandemic. Vaccination is a key intervention for this result.