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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Nov 21.
Published in final edited form as: Brain Behav Immun. 2022 Feb 14;102:110–123. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.02.008

Fig. 7. The role of PPAR-α in PEA effects on inflammation and mitochondrial function in glucose þ glucosamine (Gluc2)-insulted SH-SY5Y cells.

Fig. 7.

(A) The experimental protocol on human SH-SY5Y cells. The mRNA extracts of all treated cells for (B) TNF-α, (C) TLR4, and (D) NLRP3. (E) SH-SY5Y cells were undergone to Cell Mito Stress Test in Seahorse analyzer, evaluating the basal oxygen consumption rate (OCR), after the addition of oligomycin, the uncoupler FCCP, rotenone, and antimycin A. (F) Basal respiration, ATP production, proton leak, and maximal respiration were determined. OCR was normalized with the protein amount by Bradford assay. Data are the mean ± SEM of three different experiments with three replicates. All data are shown as mean ± S.E.M. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001.