Table 2.

Pleiotropy and heterogeneity test of air pollution genetic instrumental variables in GWAS for frailty.

Exposures	Pleiotropy test			Heterogeneity test
	P	SE	Intercept	P	Q	Q_df
PM2.5	0.141	0.003	0.005	0.010	37.60	20
PM2.5–10	0.457	0.006	−0.005	0.899	1.62	5
PM10	0.289	0.005	−0.005	0.000	44.53	18
Nitrogen dioxide	0.659	0.003	0.001	0.004	58.33	33
Nitrogen oxides	0.189	0.004	0.005	0.000	64.13	29

GWAS, genome-wide association study; PM, Particulate matter; P, value of p; SE, standard error; Q, Q-value; Q-df, Q-degrees of freedom.