Table 2.
Demographics of patients with acute severe trauma (ICISS <0.9) by emergency institutions
| Variable | Total | Type of ED |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level I | Level II | Level III | ||
| No. of patients | 367,410 (100) | 162,091 (44.1) | 204,917 (55.8) | 402 (0.1) |
| Age (mean±SD) (yr) | 57.1±22.1 | 55.8±22.0 | 58.1±22.1 | 58.2±19.3 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 241,080 (65.6) | 110,716 (68.3) | 130,084 (63.5) | 280 (69.7) |
| Female | 126,330 (34.4) | 51,375 (31.7) | 74,833 (36.5) | 122 (30.3) |
| Time from onset to visita) (median [IQR]) (min) | 62 (37–201) | 72 (43–205) | 60 (33–197) | 53 (30–195) |
| Route of arrival | ||||
| Direct visit | 285,041 (77.6) | 114,470 (70.6) | 170,238 (83.1) | 333 (82.8) |
| Transfer from other hospital | 80,246 (21.8) | 46,683 (28.8) | 33,497 (16.3) | 66 (16.4) |
| Referral from outpatient clinic | 2,051 (0.6) | 906 (0.6) | 1,142 (0.6) | 3 (0.7) |
| Other | 53 (0.0) | 22 (0.0) | 31 (0.0) | 0 (0) |
| Unknown | 19 (0.0) | 10 (0.0) | 9 (0.0) | 0 (0) |
| Mode of transport | ||||
| Public EMS | 217,482 (59.2) | 93,007 (57.4) | 124,230 (60.6) | 245 (60.9) |
| Other hospital ambulance | 12,422 (3.4) | 8,665 (5.3) | 3,750 (1.8) | 7 (1.7) |
| Private ambulance service | 50,133 (13.6) | 28,138 (17.4) | 21,950 (10.7) | 45 (11.2) |
| Police or official transport | 313 (0.1) | 122 (0.1) | 191 (0.1) | 0 (0) |
| Air transport | 3,090 (0.8) | 2,914 (1.8) | 176 (0.1) | 0 (0) |
| Ambulatory | 83,646 (22.8) | 29,105 (18.0) | 54,436 (26.6) | 105 (23.1) |
| Other or unknown | 324 (0.1) | 140 (0.1) | 184 (0.1) | 0 (0) |
| ED time | ||||
| Mean±SD | 304.8±373.6 | 321.8±390.1 | 291.5±359.7 | 212.2±232.3 |
| Median (IQR) | 195 (113–351) | 212 (118–377) | 184 (109–331) | 135.5 (88–225.5) |
| 0–6 hr | 278,512 (75.8) | 118,783 (73.3) | 159,387 (77.8) | 342 (85.1) |
| 6–12 hr | 58,841 (16.0) | 28,905 (17.8) | 29,894 (14.6) | 42 (10.4) |
| 12–24 hr | 23,896 (6.5) | 11,388 (7.0) | 12,491 (6.1) | 17 (4.2) |
| ≥24 hr | 6,139 (1.7) | 2,999 (1.9) | 3,139 (1.5) | 1 (0.2) |
| Unknown | 22 (0.0) | 16 (0.0) | 6 (0.0) | 0 (0) |
| ED disposition | ||||
| Discharge | 66,057 (18.0) | 25,514 (15.7) | 40,503 (19.8) | 40 (10.0) |
| Admissionb) | 263,788 (71.8) | 122,917 (75.8) | 140,566 (68.6) | 305 (75.9) |
| General wardc) | 148,919 (56.5) | 56,885 (46.3) | 91,818 (65.3) | 216 (70.8) |
| Intensive care unitc) | 114,761 (43.5) | 65,987 (53.7) | 48,685 (34.6) | 89 (29.2) |
| Transfer out | 29,199 (7.9) | 8,668 (5.3) | 20,479 (10.0) | 52 (12.9) |
| Hopeless discharge | 141 (0.0) | 132 (0.1) | 9 (0.0) | 0 (0) |
| Death | 7,785 (2.1) | 4,762 (2.9) | 3,018 (1.5) | 5 (1.2) |
| Other or unknown | 440 (0.1) | 98 (0.1) | 342 (0.2) | 0 (0) |
| Hospital disposition | ||||
| Discharge | 240,563 (65.5) | 96,791 (59.7) | 143,494 (70.0) | 278 (69.2) |
| Transfer out | 98,713 (26.9) | 49,807 (30.7) | 48,807 (23.8) | 99 (24.6) |
| Hopeless discharge | 273 (0.1) | 216 (0.1) | 56 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) |
| Death | 24,100 (6.6) | 13,402 (8.3) | 10,685 (5.2) | 13 (3.2) |
| Other or unknown | 3,761 (1.0) | 1,875 (1.2) | 1,875 (0.9) | 11 (2.7) |
| Mechanism of injuryd) | ||||
| Traffic accident | 378 (0.2) | 144 (0.2) | 234 (0.2) | 0 (0) |
| Fall | 4,389 (2.1) | 2,241 (2.6) | 2,145 (1.9) | 3 (0.0) |
| Slip down | 285 (0.1) | 68 (0.1) | 217 (0.2) | 0 (0) |
| Blunt trauma | 6,275 (3.0) | 1,629 (1.9) | 4,641 (4.0) | 5 (0.1) |
| Cut or stab | 47,890 (23.2) | 17,475 (20.6) | 30,380 (26.3) | 35 (0.6) |
| Machinery | 27 (0.0) | 11 (0.0) | 16 (0.0) | 0 (0) |
| Burn | 297 (0.1) | 152 (0.2) | 145 (0.1) | 0 (0) |
| Drowning | 1,725 (0.8) | 501 (0.6) | 1,223 (1.1) | 1 (0.0) |
| Poisoning | 106,449 (51.6) | 48,771 (57.5) | 57,626 (49.9) | 52 (0.8) |
| Asphyxiation | 9,274 (4.5) | 3,829 (4.5) | 5,437 (4.7) | 8 (0.1) |
| Other | 5,129 (2.5) | 2,020 (2.4) | 3,107 (2.7) | 2 (0.0) |
| Unknowne) | 24,291 (11.8) | 7,966 (9.4) | 10,209 (8.8) | 6,116 (98.3) |
Values are presented as number (%), unless otherwise indicated. Percentages may not total 100 due to rounding.
ICISS, International Classification of Diseases–based Injury Severity Score (2020 criteria); ED, emergency department; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; EMS, emergency medical services.
The onset date and time is a field transmitted only by level I and II EDs.
Data for the “other” category are not presented.
Proportion among total admissions.
Reported when the disease status is “excluded from disease” by level I and II EDs.
The sum of cases where the mechanism of injury is unknown or unspecified when the disease status is “disease” or “disease excluded,” and when the disease status is “unknown or not specified.”