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. 2023 Oct 5;7(11):2008–2022. doi: 10.1038/s41562-023-01707-5

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a, Self-reported sleep duration superimposed on the recommended sleep intervals from the National Sleep Foundation. The blue/grey area depicts the recommended sleep interval (blue indicates ‘recommended’; grey indicates ‘may be appropriate’). The green line shows average self-reported sleep in this study; the blue and red lines show the 75th and 25th percentiles, respectively. The shaded area around each curve shows the 95% CI. b, Clusters of regions showing similar relationships between thickness and sleep duration. The graph shows thickness in each cluster as a function of sleep duration. The maximum thickness is 100%, illustrated by the coloured dots. NA, non-cortical region. c, Subcortical and global volumes as a function of sleep duration. The maximum volume is 100%. The red dots show the average reported sleep duration. Only regions significantly related to sleep duration are shown. The plots are corrected for baseline age, sex, site, follow-up time and ICV (except for the ICV plot). CC, corpus callosum.