TABLE 3.
Effects of hemorrhage on serum cytokine and chemokine concentrations (pg/mL).
| Control | Hemorrhage only | Tourniquet only | Hemorrhage + Tourniquet | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-1α | 4.2 ± 3.7 | 1.9 ± 1.7 | 27.3 ± 8.0 | 15.6 ± 5.8 |
| IL-1β | 7.0 ± 4.2 | 10.1 ± 3.3 | 25.1 ± 5.2 | 14.8 ± 3.1 |
| IL-5 | 11.7 ± 10.5 | 69.6 ± 42.4 | 208.4 ± 61.9 | 402.2 ± 103.7* |
| IL-6 | 261.4 ± 168.8 | 335.5 ± 216.4 | 1637.4 ± 370.3* | 803.9 ± 195.1 |
| IL-10 | 310.9 ± 278.0 | 461.4 ± 412.7 | 3558.7 ± 965.2 | 2652.6 ± 926.0 |
| IL-12 (p40) | 2588.2 ± 982.6 | 2678.8 ± 637.2 | 3514.1 ± 1081.3 | 1245.3 ± 199.8 |
| IL-17 | ND | 247.7 ± 172.3 | 604.0 ± 221.4 | 147.5 ± 71.0 |
| KC | 2149.5 ± 596.9 | 1776.3 ± 344.5 | 4594.8 ± 1290.5 | 2840.0 ± 354.2 |
| G-CSF | 5026.1 ± 2434.5 | 9214.1 ± 2502.9 | 28939.3 ± 6221.4* | 17989.6 ± 3376.9 |
| GM-CSF | 59.8 ± 53.5 | 225.9 ± 116.1 | 821.7 ± 152.2 | 532.9 ± 123.7 |
| Eotaxin | 15271.5 ± 1372.3 | 23218.4 ± 4129.9 | 37404.5 ± 6012.5 | 29093.1 ± 6585.9 |
| IFN-γ | ND | 68.2 ± 26.6 | 368.4 ± 108.4* | 27.9 ± 26.1& |
| TNF-α | 1.0 ± 0.9 | 203.0 ± 83.9 | 532.3 ± 157.6 | 143.9 ± 56.1 |
| RANTES | 2972.5 ± 949.8 | 3041 ± 309.8 | 4332.2 ± 525.8 | 1855.9 ± 137.6& |
| MIP-1α | 30.3 ± 16.7 | 83.9 ± 16.1 | 217.7 ± 59.6 | 90.4 ± 25.3 |
| MIP-1β | 565.7 ± 335.2 | 983.1 ± 379.5 | 2932.9 ± 936.0 | 723.5 ± 230.5 |
| MCP-1 | 14671.5 ± 4885.0 | 10083.3 ± 1543.5 | 24807.3 ± 7309.5 | 13074.2 ± 1054.6 |
Serum cytokine and chemokine concentrations were analyzed with the Bio-Plex Pro™ Mouse Cytokine Panel Plex (Bio-Rad). *p < 0.05 vs. the control, & p < 0.05 vs. the tourniquet only (Two-way ANOVA). n = 5 for the control and hemorrhage only groups, n = 10 for the tourniquet only group and n = 8 for the hemorrhage + tourniquet group. ND, not detectable.