Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2023 Nov 21;14:7576. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-43333-9

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 2 — a Schematics for the vertical field (VF) and lateral field (LF) configurations, confluency, and root mean square (RMS). Examples of measured electric field lines are shown between stimulation (dark gray) and return electrodes (light gray) and potential distribution in blue. At low-frequency (250 Hz), cell membranes block the electric fields whereas at higher frequency (16 kHz) the fields become more proximately sensitive. Confluency and RMS are calculated from the impedance images. b Parameter traces are shown for MDCK cells (canine kidney) plated on a 96-well CMOS microplate. Cells were seeded at time t = 0 hrs at a density of 40,000 cells/well and measured for 40 hrs. Media was changed at 24 hrs post seeding. The traces represent mean ± s.d. for 88 wells across the plate. The most representative biological parameter is labeled for each measurement, but a blend of biological parameters contributes to each measurement in total. Source data are provided as a source data file. c Impedance images of the MDCK cells from a single well at the indicated time points. The images were generated with VF 250 Hz in red, VF 16 kHz in green, and the inverse of the LF 16 kHz in blue.