Table 3.
Distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in staphylococci isolates from various food samples by PCR.
| Food type | Food sample | Number of antibiotic resistance gene |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aac-(3)-1 | acrA | ermA | ermB | mecA | strA | tetA | tetB | vanA | blaTEM | ||
| Cooked | Banku (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) |
| Beans (1) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | |
| Fish (1) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | |
| Fufu (1) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | |
| Kenkey (1) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | |
| Pepper sauce (1) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | |
| Salad (1) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | |
| Soup (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | |
| Waakye (1) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | |
| Total (9) | 7 (77.78) | 9 (100) | 7 (77.78) | 5 (55.56) | 6 (66.67) | 9 (100) | 9 (100) | 5 (55.56) | 8 (88.89) | 4 (44.44) | |
| Vegetable | Cabbage (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) |
| Carrot (1) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | |
| Tomato (1) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | |
| Total (3) | 2 (66.67) | 3 (100) | 1 (33.33) | 1 (33.33) | 3 (100) | 3 (100) | 3 (100) | 0 (0) | 3 (100) | 2 (66.67) | |
| Fruit | Apple (1) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) |
| Banana (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | |
| Orange (1) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | |
| Pineapple (1) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | |
| Total (4) | 3 (75) | 4 (100) | 2 (50) | 2 (50) | 2 (50) | 4 (100) | 4 (100) | 1 (25) | 4 (100) | 3 (75) | |
| Total (16) | 12 (75) | 16 (100) | 10 (62.50) | 8 (50) | 11 (68.75) | 16 (100) | 16 (100) | 6 (37.50) | 15 (93.75) | 9 (56.25) | |
Cooked foods are local cuisines in Ghana, Food sample: Value in bracket represent the food samples with staphylococci isolates, Number of antibiotic resistance gene: Value in bracket represent the percentage of the number of antibiotic resistance gene present in each food sample.