Table 1.
Demographics and Scan Characteristics of ORFAN Study Cohorts Used in AI Model Development and Testing
| ORFAN Manual Training Cohort (n = 2,200) | ORFAN UK Feedback Training Cohort (n = 600) | ORFAN UK Internal Validation Cohort (n = 200) | ORFAN USA External Validation Cohort (n = 720) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 60 (50-70) | 57 (49-64) | 56 (48-62) | 53 (43-62) |
| Male | 1,047 (47.6) | 315 (52.5) | 104 (52.0) | 389 (54.0) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.6 (23.6-29.9) | 26.1 (23.1-30.0) | 27.7 (24.8-30.7) | 27.9 (24.5-32.2) |
| Active smoking | 376 (17.0) | 93 (15.5) | 27 (13.5) | NA |
| Hypertension | 711 (32.0) | 228 (38.0) | 73 (36.5) | 309 (42.9) |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 896 (40.7) | 253 (42.2) | 76 (38.0) | 370 (51.4) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 286 (13.0) | 101 (16.8) | 25 (12.5) | 73 (10.1) |
| Valve disease | 139 (6.3) | 31 (5.2) | 13 (6.5) | 49 (6.8) |
| Known CAD | 188 (8.5) | 55 (9.2) | 21 (10.5) | 331 (46.0) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 98 (4.5) | 21 (3.5) | 9 (4.5) | 98 (13.6) |
| Previous heart surgery | 47 (2.1) | 19 (3.2) | 7 (3.5) | 16 (2.2) |
| Scans | ||||
| Sites (scanner make and model) | Oxford, UK (GE Revolution GSI, GE Lightspeed VCT, and Canon Aquilion One) Bath, UK (Siemens Drive) Milton Keynes, UK (Canon Aquilion Prime SP) Leicester, UK (Siemens Definition Flash) |
Oxford, UK (GE Revolution GSI, GE Lightspeed VCT, and Canon Aquilion One) | Cleveland, Ohio, USA (Philips Brilliance iCT and Siemens Definition Flash) | |
| Tube voltage, kVp | ||||
| 120 | 2,112 (96.0) | 567 (94.5) | 193 (96.5) | 463 (64.3) |
| 100 | 81 (3.7) | 33 (5.5) | 7 (3.5) | 257 (35.7) |
| 80 | 7 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| EAT volume, cm3 | 133.2 (100.1-191.8) | 124.9 (97.4-203.2) | 120.9 (95.1-156.2) | 169.3 (111.6-241.7) |
Values are n (%) or median (IQR).
AI = artificial intelligence; BMI = body mass index; CAD = coronary artery disease; EAT = epicardial adipose tissue; GE = General Electric; NA = not applicable; ORFAN = Oxford Risk Factors and Noninvasive Imaging Study.