We did a literature search to determine which countries have data on sleep duration. Out of 194 WHO state members, 43 (22%) had general (blue) population data on sleep duration, 69 (36%) had sleep duration data in at least one specific (green) population (eg, lorry drivers or athletes), and the remaining 82 (42%) had no (red) sleep duration data. The disconcerting absence of general population sleep data in 78% of countries suggests that developing countries are unlikely to have sleep health on their national health agenda, despite being disproportionately affected by adverse environmental and social determinants of sleep health. This paucity of global data on sleep duration should serve as a wakeup call to national and international health organisations as such data are urgently needed to inform sleep health policies and practices that will not only improve population health but, possibly, impact health inequities. See appendix pp 4–28 for raw data.