Stimulation method	Stimulation Location	Stimulation Frequency	Advantages	Disadvantages	Safety
Acupuncture/EA	Acupuncture points	1–100 Hz	Specific stimulation	Needle insertion, clinic cost	Overall safe, though bruising, fainting, and bleeding to the insertion site are reported in some studies.
taVNS	Auricular vagus nerve via surface electrodes	1–100 Hz	Self-administered, home-based, low cost	Daily placement of electrodes	Safe, some patients may have irritation from the electrodes
TEA/TEAS	Acupuncture points near the peripheral nerves	1–100 Hz	Self-administered, home-based, low cost	Daily placement of electrodes	Safe, some patients may experience irritation from the electrodes