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. 2023 Nov 22;18(11):e0293405. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293405

Fig 9. Cranial morphological features of selected extant and fossil hippopotamus specimens.

Fig 9

The following numbers indicate the main morphological features proposed in literature used to discriminate Hippopotamus antiquus and Hippopotamus amphibius (as reported in Table 2). Colours: blue—H. antiquus from Figline (Upper Valdarno, 1a-1c, modified from [65]); light blue—H. antiquus from La Maglianella (2a-2c, modified from [15]); red–H. amphibius from Barrington (3a-3c, modified from [65]); orange—extant specimen of H. amphibius (4a-4c); yellow—H. amphibius from Cava Montanari (5a-5c). Cranium in dorsal (a), ventral (b) and left lateral (c) views.