Table 3. Summary findings on patient-generated health data visualization graphical attributes.

Graphic category	Findings
Line graph variations	Line connecting data points, 7-day moving average, 16 smoothed line, 18 27 lines of each day's maximum and minimum value 23 24 Multiple variables on same plot with different y -axis labels 28 Different markers by source (home vs. clinic blood pressure) 27 Each day over same plot to show blood glucose trends by time of day 24
Visualization of summary statistics	Box plots of day's range of values 26 Circle plots of percent time spent in states (e.g., activity types 23 ; high, low, or target blood glucose 24 ) Bar plots of tallies of abnormal values each day 28 Stacked and clustered bar charts indicating activity intensity 22
Calendar views	Four-week overview highlighting days with abnormal measurements 19 Shaded blocks by day of sleep quality (measured by duration and interruptions) 15
Statistical interpretations	Descriptive statistics: e.g., maximum, minimum, range, average, median, and standard deviation Percent of data within predetermined categories (e.g., within target blood glucose range)
Clinical interpretations	Binary designation of normal/abnormal Comparison to standard reference ranges, an individual patient's goal, 16 or defined targets based on a guideline incorporating other comorbidities 21
Usage of color for clinical interpretation	Abnormal values in red, 21 orange, 19 or yellow 40 Green, yellow, and red “stoplight” coding Increasing severity in yellow, orange, red, and maroon for blood pressure by the American Heart Association categories 16 Blood glucose values in yellow for hyperglycemia, green for the target range, and red for hypoglycemia 24
Other contextual data in view (e.g., from EHR)	Current vasoactive medications, with daily dose and drug class (e.g., “Diuretic” and “Calcium Channel Blocker”), listed in a table, for a blood pressure study 16 Timeline bar plot of antihypertensives 18 or all medications 27 Subjective PRO scores on symptoms 15 20 Adherence to medication regimen (when collected) 15 19 29
Clinical inferences	Estimated hemoglobin A1c based on the average glucose readings 24 Plot of estimated pharmacokinetics of diabetes medications, to highlight times when medication levels might be subtherapeutic from missed doses 29

Abbreviations: EHR, electronic health record; PRO, patient-reported outcome.