Table 1.
Statistical summary of the variables in regulated and non-regulated countries included in the analysis; Source: own calculation.
| Variables | Unit | Obs. | Mean | S.D. | Min. | Max. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-Regulated Countries | ||||||
| AMR⁎ in Humans | % | 238 | 0.31 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.71 |
| AMU in Humans | DDD⁎⁎ | 238 | 6.74 | 3.62 | 1.64 | 22.02 |
| AMU in Farmed Animals | tons | 238 | 2087.47 | 4654.99 | 8.86 | 21,885.02 |
| Health Expenditure (of GDP) | % | 238 | 5.70 | 2.78 | 2.41 | 16.84 |
| Regulated Countries | ||||||
| AMR in Humans | % | 92 | 0.26 | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.46 |
| AMU in Humans | DDD | 92 | 9.71 | 2.72 | 5.67 | 14.95 |
| AMU in Farmed Animals | tons | 92 | 626.55 | 1131.48 | 5.63 | 5538.70 |
| Health Expenditure (of GDP) | % | 92 | 9.92 | 2.02 | 6.45 | 16.92 |
⁎
Total resistance observed (> 0%)
⁎⁎
Defined Daily Dose.