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Direct, Indirect, and Total Effects based on SDM; Source: own calculation.
| Variables | Direct Effects | Indirect Effects | Total effects |
|---|---|---|---|
| AMU in Humans (DDD) | 0.19⁎⁎ | −0.71⁎⁎⁎ | −0.52⁎⁎⁎ |
| AMU in Farmed Animals (tons) | 0.04⁎ | −0.14⁎⁎ | −0.10⁎⁎ |
| WASH (Dummy) | −0.06 | 0.22 | 0.16 |
| Health Expenditure (% of GDP) | −0.05 | 0.18 | 0.13 |
| Regulation (Dummy) | 0.15 | −0.54 | −0.40 |
Significance Levels: ⁎ p < 10%, ⁎⁎p < 5%, and ⁎⁎⁎p < 1%.
