Table 1.
Characteristic of the study population with sepsis (2008–2021), including subgroups
| Sepsisa | Subgroups of sepsis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Implicitb | Explicitc | COVID-19-relatedd | ||
| Characteristics | ||||
| First admission, n (% of all) | 222,832 (100) | 127,059 (57.0) | 92,928 (41.7) | 2845 (1.3) |
| Male, n (%) | 120,442 (54.1) | 66,929 (52.7) | 51,651 (55.6) | 1862 (65.5) |
| Mean age, years (SD) | 71.1 (16.6) | 73.0 (15.7) | 68.9 (17.5) | 61.4 (16.1) |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Heart and vascular | 100,062 (44.9) | 61,251 (48.2) | 38,109 (41.0) | 702 (24.7) |
| Cancer | 39,368 (17.7) | 17,270 (13.6) | 21,973 (23.6) | 125 (4.4) |
| Lung | 36,165 (16.2) | 26,993 (21.2) | 8866 (9.5) | 306 (10.8) |
| Renal | 8949 (4.0) | 5830 (4.6) | 3043 (3.3) | 76 (2.7) |
| Diabetes | 24,416 (10.9) | 13,682 (10.8) | 10,348 (11.1) | 386 (13.6) |
| Dementia | 8100 (3.6) | 4561 (3.6) | 3507 (3.8) | 32 (1.1) |
| Immune | 3140 (1.4) | 1640 (1.3) | 1451 (1 0.6) | 49 (1.7) |
| Liver | 994 (0.5) | 564 (0.4) | 427 (0.5) | ≤ 5 |
| Number of comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| 0 | 68,450 (30.7) | 36,185 (28.5) | 30,684 (33.0) | 1581(55.6) |
| 1 | 98,803 (44.3) | 56,884 (44.7) | 41,050 (44.2) | 909 (32.0) |
| 2 | 45,352 (20.4) | 27,768 (21.9) | 17,284 (18.6) | 300 (10.5) |
| ≥ 3 | 10,227 (4.6) | 6262 (4.9) | 3910 (4.2) | 55 (1.9) |
| Site of infection, n (%) | ||||
| Respiratory | 81,881 (36.8) | 63,724 (50.2) | 15,566 (16.8) | 2591 (91.1) |
| Genitourinary | 44,782 (20.1) | 28,838 (22.7) | 15,862 (17.1) | 82 (2.9) |
| Skin and soft tissue | 8265 (3.7) | 3578 (2.8) | 4682 (5.0) | 5 (0.2) |
| Gastrointestinal | 10,810 (4.8) | 8356 (6.6) | 2424 (2.6) | 30 (1.1) |
| Intra-abdominal | 12,340 (5.5) | 5401 (4.3) | 6917 (7.4) | 22 (0.8) |
| Infections following a procedure | 8290 (3.7) | 4042 (3.2) | 4235 (4.6) | 13 (0.5) |
| Endocarditis/myocarditis | 2530 (1.1) | 1008 (0.8) | 1514 (1.6) | 8 (0.3) |
| Othere | 43,085 (19.3) | 24,463 (19.3) | 18,434 (19.8) | 188 (6.6) |
| Organ system with acute dysfunction, n (%) | ||||
| Respiratory | 61,864 (27.8) | 51,453 (40.5) | 8012 (8.6) | 2399 (84.3) |
| Circulatory | 14,892 (6.7) | 10,647 (8.4) | 4177 (4.5) | 68 (2.4) |
| Renal | 67,242 (30.2) | 54,295 (42.7) | 12,514 (13.5) | 433 (15.2) |
| Hepatic | 3209 (1.4) | 2178 (1.7) | 1014 (1.1) | 17 (0.6) |
| Coagulation | 6471(2.9) | 3858 (3.1) | 2570 (2.8) | 43 (1.5) |
| Otherf | 22,173 (10.0) | 20,095 (15.8) | 1928 (2.1) | 150 (5.3) |
| Number of acute organ dysfunctions, n (%) | ||||
| 1 | 133,808 (87.7) | 113,998 (89.7) | 17,339 (76.0) | 2471 (86.9) |
| 2 | 15,262 (10.0) | 11,038 (8.7) | 3955 (17.3) | 269 (9.5) |
| 3 | 2864 (1.9) | 1693 (1.3) | 1144 (5.0) | 27 (0.9) |
| ≥ 4 | 699 (0.5) | 330 (0.3) | 264 (1.6) | ≤ 5 |
| Number of hospital admissions for sepsisg, n (%) | ||||
| 1 | 171,619 (77.0) | 97,105 (76.4) | 71,800 (77.3) | 2714 (95.4) |
| 2 | 33,221 (14.9) | 19,339 (15.2) | 13,757 (14.8) | 125 (4.4) |
| 3 | 10,129 (4.6) | 5917 (4.7) | 4208 (4.5) | ≤ 5 |
| 4 | 4011 (1.8) | 2363 (1.9) | 1647 (1.8) | ≤ 5 |
| ≥ 5 | 3852 (1.7) | 2335 (1.8) | 1516 (1.6) | ≤ 5 |
| Readmissionh, n (%) | 55,441 (24.9) | 30,895 (24.3) | 24,072 (25.9) | 474 (16.7) |
| ICU treatmentj, n (%) | 10,602 (8.5) | 6946 (8.7) | 3341 (7.9) | 315 (11.1) |
| In-hospital death, n (%) | 30,276 (13.6) | 16,273 (12.8) | 13,751 (14.8) | 352 (12.4) |
ICU intensive care unit
aSepsis = All first sepsis admissions in the period 2008–2021, including implicit, explicit and COVID-19-related sepsis (2020–2021)
bImplicit sepsis = ICD-10 code for infection in combination with a code for acute organ function, excluding those who had an explicit code at the same hospital admission
cExplicit sepsis = ICD-10 code for specific sepsis, including those who also had an implicit code at the same admission
dCOVID-19-related sepsis = ICD-10 code for COVID-19 in combination with an acute organ dysfunction code and/or a specific sepsis code
eOther infections = Bone, obstetric, upper airway, central nervous system and unknown
fOther acute organ dysfunction = Acidosis, unspecific gangrene, central nervous system dysfunctions and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
gNumber of hospital admissions = Calculated as new sepsis admission if admission with ICD-10 codes defining sepsis, regardless of time frame for the new sepsis admission
hReadmission = admission within 30 days after discharge regardless of cause
jVariable calculated from May 1, 2014