Fig. 5. Depleted gut microbiota remarkably abolishes the renal protective of HP against c-BSA induced MN in rats.

a Illustration of experimental design to treat MN rats whose gut microbiota have been depleted by ABX drinking; (n = 10). b Renal function, albuminuria, serum cholesterol in different groups; (n = 10). c Reduction of IgG deposition by HP was partially diminished by gut microbiota depletion via immunofluorescence. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, tested by one-way ANOVA test. (White bars = 20 µm). Bar graphs are means ± SD.