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. 2023 Nov 22;13:20495. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-47222-5

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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OVX Kiss1-floxed/Oprk1-Cre rats, whose Kiss1 was deleted in kisspeptin neurons expressing or having expressed Oprk1, without E2 treatment showed frequent luteinizing hormone (LH) pulses, whereas OVX + low E2 Kiss1-floxed/Oprk1-Cre rats exhibited profound disruption of LH pulses. (a) Plasma LH profiles in three representative animals from the OVX or OVX + low E2 Kiss1-floxed/Oprk1-Cre group and Cre(−)/Kiss1-floxed control group. Arrowheads indicate LH pulses identified with the PULSAR computer program. (b) Mean LH concentrations and the baseline, frequency, and amplitude of LH pulses in OVX or OVX + low E2 Kiss1-floxed/Oprk1-Cre rats and Cre(−)/Kiss1-floxed control rats. (c) Pituitary Gnrhr, Lhb, and Fshb mRNA expression in OVX or OVX + low E2 Kiss1-floxed/Oprk1-Cre rats and Cre(−)/Kiss1-floxed control rats were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Open circles indicate the individual data. Values are the means ± SEM. Numbers in (or on) each column indicate the number of animals used. Asterisks indicate statistically significant main effects of E2 treatment (p < 0.05) based on two-way ANOVA. Daggers indicate statistically significant main effects of the genotype (p < 0.05) based on two-way ANOVA. Double daggers indicate statistically significant differences between Kiss1-floxed/Oprk1-Cre and Cre(−)/Kiss1-floxed rats within the OVX or OVX + low E2 groups (p < 0.05, the simple main effect of two-way ANOVA). Section signs indicate statistically significant differences between OVX and OVX + low E2 rats within the Kiss1-floxed/Oprk1-Cre or Cre(−)/Kiss1-floxed groups (p < 0.05, the simple main effect of two-way ANOVA).