Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate analysis to identify the risk factors for recurrent biliary obstruction
| Univariate |
Multivariate |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | ||
| Age (yr) | <70 vs. ≥70 | 1.04 (0.58–1.86) | 0.907 | ||
| Sex | Female vs. male | 0.79 (0.42–1.48) | 0.457 | ||
| ECOG PS | 0, 1 vs. 2 or more | 0.89 (0.35–2.27) | 0.807 | ||
| Diagnosis | Pancreatic cancer | Reference | Reference | ||
| Bile duct cancer | 1.06 (0.55–2.05) | 0.868 | 1.03 (0.47–2.26) | 0.940 | |
| Gastric cancer | 0.20 (0.06–0.66) | 0.008 | 0.27 (0.07–1.00) | 0.050 | |
| Others | 0.54 (0.18–1.57) | 0.257 | 0.27 (0.07–1.10) | 0.067 | |
| Site of biliary obstruction | Distal vs. perihilar | 1.31 (0.73–2.35) | 0.357 | ||
| Prior transpapillary drainage | No vs. yes | 1.55 (0.86–2.79) | 0.142 | ||
| Indication for EUS-HGS | Failed biliary cannulation | Reference | |||
| Isolated intrahepatic bile duct obstruction | 0.96 (0.33–2.80) | 0.947 | |||
| Recurrent ascending cholangitis due to a transpapillary stent | 1.44 (0.47–4.36) | 0.522 | |||
| Surgically altered anatomy | 0.69 (0.21–2.24) | 0.535 | |||
| Inaccessible papilla | 0.97 (0.35–2.71) | 0.953 | |||
| Puncture bile duct | B2 vs. B3 | 1.05 (0.58–1.87) | 0.882 | ||
| EUS-HGAS | No vs. yes | 0.15 (0.04–0.60) | 0.008 | 0.13 (0.03–0.58) | 0.002 |
| Type of stent | PS vs. cSEMS | 0.50 (0.25–1.00) | 0.049 | 0.28 (0.12–0.66) | 0.003 |
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; EUS-HGS, endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy with transmural stenting; B2, segment 2 bile duct; B3, segment 3 bile duct; EUS-HGAS, combined endoscopic ultrasound-guided antegrade stenting with endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy and transmural stenting; PS, plastic stent; cSEMS, fully/partially covered self-expandable metallic stent.