Figure 2.

Binomial regression modeling reveals sex differences in the effect of AgRP neuron stimulation on flavor-nutrient learning. (A) Correlation between the average number of CS+ licks during training and testing in control (AgRP^tdTomato) (n = 15) and experimental (AgRP^ChR2) (n = 14) mice. Pearson R, R = .636, p < 0.01. (B) Correlation between the average number of CS− licks during training and testing in control (AgRP^tdTomato) and experimental (AgRP^ChR2) mice. Pearson R, R = −.224, p = ns. (C) Relationship between average CS+ training licks and burst preference index (from testing) in control (AgRP^tdTomato) and experimental (AgRP^ChR2) mice. Cox-Snell R² = .980. Shaded region represented 95% confidence interval. (D) Average number of licks per training session during FNL protocol in male and female control (AgRP^tdTomato) (male: n = 8, female: n = 7) and experimental (AgRP^ChR2) (male: n = 8, female: n = 6) mice. 2-way ANOVA, sex: F(1,25) = 27.073, p < 0.0001; Chr2: F(1,25) = 20.333, p < 0.001; sex∗Chr2: F(1,25) = 7.517, p < 0.05. (E) Total number of CS+ and CS− licks in test sessions in male and female control (AgRP^tdTomato) (male: n = 8, female: n = 7) and experimental (AgRP^ChR2) (male: n = 8, female: n = 6) mice. 2-way ANOVA, sex: F(1,25) = 1.701, p = ns; Chr2: F(1,25) = 0.694, p = ns; sex∗Chr2: F(1,25) = 0.711, p = ns. (F) Burst preference index (see Methods for details) from test sessions in male and female control (AgRP^tdTomato) (male: n = 8, female: n = 7) and experimental (AgRP^ChR2) (male: n = 8, female: n = 6) mice. Lines represent the weighted average within the group, where weights were the corresponding number of lick bursts. Sequential Analysis of Deviance on the Binomial GLM ‘pref ∼ sex∗Chr2’ with total lick bursts corresponding to each preference passed as frequency weights, sex: ${\chi }^2$ (1, 27) = 311.492, p < 0.001; Chr2: ${\chi }^2$ (1, 26) = 282.295, p < 0.0001; sex∗Chr2: ${\chi }^2$ (1, 25) = 274.644, p < 0.01 (G) AgRP neuron stimulation-evoked food intake (1 h) in male (n = 8) and female mice (n = 6). T-test, t(12) = −0.577, p = ns. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.