Table 1.

Major diseases associated with decreased KCC2 expression.

Disease	Symptoms	Cause	Ref
Autism spectrum disorder	Impaired social communication, restricted interests, stereotypies	Unknown (congenital abnormalities in brain function)	43
(Rett Syndrome)	Autism, epilepsy, ataxic gait, peculiar stereotypic movements (firming movements)	MECP2 gene mutation	34
(Angelman syndrome)	Epilepsy, shows clumsiness and laughs a lot at trifles	Loss of UBE3A gene	44
Mood disorders (depression, bipolar disorder)	Intense sadness, lack of motivation, difficulty sleeping, getting tired easily, feeling sluggish	Unknown cause (stress)	45
Epilepsy	Seizures, such as convulsions or loss of consciousness	Brain trauma, encephalitis, encephalopathy, meningitis, cerebral infarction, stress	10
Schizophrenia	Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, extremely disorganized or abnormal motor behavior, lose interest in everyday activities, socially withdraw	Unknown cause (stress)	12
Stroke	Paralysis of arms and face, inability to speak properly, dizziness, headache, unconsciousness	Arteriosclerosis caused by hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking	9
Down syndrome	Flattened face, short neck, mental impairment, distraction, obsessive behaviors.	21 trisomy	46
Huntington's disease	Involuntary movements such as chorea, psychiatric symptoms, behavioral disorders, cognitive impairment	Huntingtin gene mutation	47
Diabetes	Increased blood sugar level, thirst, polydipsia, polyuria, malaise, weight loss, urinary sugar	Lifestyle habits such as overeating (especially high-fat diet), lack of exercise, obesity, stress, and aging	48
Spinal cord injury	Paralysis due to damage to the spinal cord	Traffic accident, fall	49
Neuropathic pain	Electric pain, stabbing pain, constricting pain, numbness pain, allodynia	Nerve compression, injury, phantom limb pain, post-herpetic neuralgia, diabetes	50