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. 2023 Nov 9;10:1278795. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1278795

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© 2023 González, Romero-Orjuela, Rabeya, del Castillo and Echeverri.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Factors involved in the pathophysiology of VAg. The figure shows the factors involved in the pathogenesis of vascular aging, grouped by etiology as molecular, epigenetic, genetic, and cellular. DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; ET-1, endothelin 1; RAAS, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system; ECM, extracellular matrix; VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cell; SASP, senescence-associated secretory phenotype.