Fig. 4.

Predator interaction with scattering layers highlights complex predator–prey dynamics in the deep ocean. Individual predator dive data (black) overlaid on backscatter from shipboard Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers, as a proxy for potential prey (color), for four example species (A–D) for which predator data could be adequately collocated to a nearby research vessel with high-quality acoustic data. White points overlaid on the predator dive data indicate tag-derived detections of bioluminescence events deeper than 200 m (presence-only; see SI Appendix, Supplemental Methods). The yellow color around 18:00 in panel (C) indicates noise in the acoustic data.