Table 2.
Odds ratio of postpartum depression among women with substance use during pregnancy compared to women without.
| Substance | No. studies | OR | 95% CI | p value | Test for heterogeneity | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q | I2 (%) | p | |||||
| Alcohol | 7 | 1.88 | 0.99–3.55 | 0.051 | 29.4 | 79.6 | <0.01* |
| Tobacco | 11 | 4.01 | 2.23–7.20 | <0.01* | 707.0 | 98.6 | <0.01* |
| Non-specified or multiple SUD | 8 | 4.67 | 2.59–8.41 | <0.01* | 15.24 | 54.1 | 0.03* |
| Overall | 18 | 3.67 | 2.31–5.85 | <0.01* | 664.2 | 97.4 | <0.01* |
OR greater than 1 reflect higher prevalence of postpartum depression among women with substance use. OR Odds Ratio; CI Confidence Interval; SUD Substance Use Disorder. * Indicates statistical significance.