Table 3.
Descriptions of the Interventions.
| Type of Interventions | Number of Studies | Authors (year) | Intervention Details (Frequency, Length, Content, Provider) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CBT | Trauma-focused CBT | n = 2 | Dawson et al., (2018) | Five weekly 1-hour individual sessions with children, plus one 1-hour caregiver session, delivered by four high-school educated counselors. |
| Bryant et al., (2011) | Eight 1-hour individual CBT sessions delivered by Thai psychologists, psychiatrists or nurses. | |||
| Internet CBT | n = 2 | Wagner et al. (2012); Knaevelsrud et al. (2015) | Two weekly 45-minute writing assignment over a five-week period under the Interapy Internet CBT protocol (Lange et al., 2001). Delivered by Arabic-speaking psychotherapists or psychiatrists. | |
| NET | n = 2 | Orang et al. (2018) | Ten to 12 weekly 2-hour NET sessions delivered by two psychology Master-level counselors. | |
| Hinsberger et al. (2017); Hinsberger et al. (2020); Xulu et al. (2021) | Eight 2-hour sessions every second working day using FORNET in English with interpreters by four German and two South African NET therapists. | |||
| TRT | n = 2 | Barron et al. (2013); Barron et al. (2016) | Five TRT sessions delivered by counselors in pairs with 10 adolescents per group. | |
| CETA | n = 1 | Bonilla-Escobar et al. (2018) | Twelve to 14 weekly, 1.5-hour sessions delivered by lay psychosocial community workers (who were Afro-Columbian survivors of violence themselves and recognized leaders or caregivers in their communities) without previous mental health experience and supervised by psychologists. A modular transdiagnostic psychotherapy model based on CBT for low-resource contexts for PTSD, depression, anxiety, and other comorbid problems. | |
| CPT | n = 1 | Bass et al. (2013); Kaysen et al. (2020) | Eleven weekly 2-hour group CPT with 6–8 women per group, delivered by female psychosocial assistants with at least 4 years of post-primary school education. | |
| EMDR | n = 1 | Zaghrout-Hodali et al. (2008) | 4 sessions of 1.5–2-hour group EMDR (butterfly hug protocol by Wilson et al., 2020) and a 4–5 month follow-up, delivered by two therapists. The qualifications of the therapists were not stated in the paper. Sessions were conducted at intervals of 2 days for first three sessions and increased to 2 weeks between Sessions 3 and 4. | |
| Solution-focused counseling | n = 1 | Dinmohammadi et al. (2021) | Six weekly 90-min solution-focused counseling sessions delivered by the first author who held a master’s degree in midwifery counseling. | |
| Psychological debriefing | CISM | n = 1 | Thabet et al. (2005) | Seven weekly group sessions of CISM (Mitchell & Everly, 2000) delivered by a child psychiatrist with two facilitators (social worker and psychologist). |
| Tree of life community circle | n = 1 | Mpande et al., (2013) | Three-day session with a progression of eight guided conversations held in “circles” run by counselors. | |
| Empowerment program | n = 1 | Tiwari et al. (2005) | Single 30-minute session of Empowerment protocol by Parker et al. to enhance the women’s independence and control, including safety, choice-making and problem-solving, delivered by a midwife who had a postgraduate degree in counseling. | |
Note. PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; EMDR = eye moment desensitization and reprocessing; NET = narrative exposure therapy; CPT = cognitive processing therapy; TRT = Teaching Recovery Techniques; CISM = critical incident stress management; CBT = cognitive-behavioral therapy; FORNET = Forensic Offender Rehabilitation Narrative Exposure Therapy; CETA = Common Elements Treatment Approach.