Table 5.

Critical Findings of This Review.

Topic	Summary of Findings
Location	Studies were conducted in ten locations, which meant that this might not be representative of other regions with individuals experiencing ongoing threat.
Effectiveness	Most studies demonstrated effectiveness for posttraumatic stress-related outcomes in at least one of the treatment arms. Effect sizes were moderate to large when compared to waitlist but less clear when compared to active treatments. There was stronger evidence for CBT-based interventions. For secondary outcomes such as depression and anxiety, smaller effect sizes were found especially at follow-ups.
Feasibility	Most studies were feasible to implement and able to retain participants despite the unstable contexts. Task-shifting (use of nonspecialists) was feasible with having community members as therapists delivering interventions under supervision.

Note. CBT = cognitive-behavioral therapy.