Table 1.
Summary of demographic and clinical characteristics of the population, overall and by metabolic syndrome status among women in the multiethnic cohort study
| Total population | Metabolic syndrome | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | |||
| N (%)a | 1728 (100) | 1209 (70.0) | 519 (30.0) | |
| Age at blood draw, years (mean ± SD) | 66.3 ± 7.9 | 66.3 ± 8.0 | 66.3 ± 7.6 | .99 |
| Age at blood draw, years | .78 | |||
| <65 | 816 (47.2) | 570 (47.1) | 246 (47.4) | |
| 65-74 | 640 (37.0) | 444 (36.7) | 196 (37.8) | |
| ≥75 | 272 (15.7) | 195 (16.1) | 77 (14.8) | |
| Invasive breast cancer status at urine collection | .58 | |||
| Control | 933 (54.0) | 661 (54.7) | 272 (52.4) | |
| Case | 670 (38.8) | 466 (38.5) | 204 (39.3) | |
| Missing | 125 (7.2) | 82 (6.8) | 43 (8.3) | |
| Race and ethnicity | <.001 | |||
| African American | 90 (5.2) | 54 (4.5) | 36 (6.9) | |
| Japanese American | 828 (47.9) | 611 (50.5) | 217 (41.8) | |
| Latino | 145 (8.4) | 83 (6.9) | 62 (11.9) | |
| Native Hawaiian | 287 (16.6) | 167 (13.8) | 120 (23.1) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 378 (21.9) | 294 (24.3) | 84 (16.2) | |
| Menopausal status at urine collection | .02 | |||
| Premenopausal | 314 (18.2) | 237 (19.6) | 77 (14.8) | |
| Postmenopausal | 1407 (81.4) | 968 (80.1) | 439 (84.6) | |
| Missing | 7 (0.4) | 4 (0.3) | 3 (0.6) | |
| Parity at baseline | <.001 | |||
| Nulliparous | 212 (12.3) | 159 (13.2) | 53 (10.2) | |
| 1 child | 172 (10.0) | 131 (10.8) | 41 (7.9) | |
| 2–3 children | 919 (53.2) | 654 (54.1) | 265 (51.1) | |
| ≥4 children | 417 (24.1) | 262 (21.7) | 155 (29.9) | |
| Missing | 8 (0.5) | 3 (0.2) | 5 (1.0) | |
| Hormone replacement therapy use at urine collection | .02 | |||
| Never estrogen use | 689 (39.9) | 466 (38.5) | 223 (43.0) | |
| Past estrogen use | 583 (33.7) | 417 (34.5) | 166 (32.0) | |
| Current estrogen use alone | 306 (17.7) | 220 (18.2) | 86 (16.6) | |
| Current estrogen + progesterone use | 136 (7.9) | 101 (8.4) | 35 (6.7) | |
| Missing | 14 (0.8) | 5 (0.4) | 9 (1.7) | |
| Smoking status at baseline | .06 | |||
| Never | 1015 (58.7) | 733 (60.6) | 282 (54.3) | |
| Former | 500 (28.9) | 339 (28.0) | 161 (31.0) | |
| Current | 198 (11.5) | 129 (10.7) | 69 (13.3) | |
| Missing | 15 (0.9) | 8 (0.7) | 7 (1.3) | |
| Education at baseline | <.001 | |||
| ≤High school graduate | 540 (31.3) | 341 (28.2) | 199 (38.3) | |
| Some college | 558 (32.3) | 384 (31.8) | 174 (33.5) | |
| College graduate | 315 (18.2) | 243 (20.1) | 72 (13.9) | |
| Graduate/professional school | 303 (17.5) | 235 (19.4) | 68 (13.1) | |
| Missing | 12 (0.7) | 6 (0.5) | 6 (1.2) | |
| Body mass index at urine collection, kg/m2 | <.001 | |||
| <25 | 788 (45.6) | 691 (57.2) | 97 (18.7) | |
| 25-<30 | 572 (33.1) | 365 (30.2) | 207 (39.9) | |
| ≥30 | 368 (21.3) | 153 (12.7) | 215 (41.4) | |
| High blood pressure before urine collection | <.001 | |||
| No | 804 (46.5) | 741 (61.3) | 63 (12.1) | |
| Yes | 924 (53.5) | 468 (38.7) | 456 (87.9) | |
| Waist circumference before urine collection, inches | <.001 | |||
| 0-≤35 | 859 (49.7) | 768 (63.5) | 91 (17.5) | |
| >35 | 657 (38.0) | 274 (22.7) | 383 (73.8) | |
| Missing | 212 (12.3) | 167 (13.8) | 45 (8.7) | |
| Triglycerides at urine collection, mg/dL | <.001 | |||
| 0-<150 | 1245 (72.0) | 990 (81.9) | 255 (49.1) | |
| ≥150 | 359 (20.8) | 108 (8.9) | 251 (48.4) | |
| Missing | 124 (7.2) | 111 (9.2) | 13 (2.5) | |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol at urine collection, mg/dL | <.001 | |||
| ≥50 | 673 (38.9) | 620 (51.3) | 53 (10.2) | |
| 0-<50 | 929 (53.8) | 476 (39.4) | 453 (87.3) | |
| Missing | 126 (7.3) | 113 (9.3) | 13 (2.5) | |
| Glucose at urine collection, mg/dL | <.001 | |||
| 0-<100 | 1378 (79.7) | 1086 (89.8) | 292 (56.3) | |
| ≥100 | 300 (17.4) | 77 (6.4) | 223 (43.0) | |
| Missing | 50 (2.9) | 46 (3.8) | 4 (0.8) | |
a All values are frequencies and column percentages unless otherwise noted. P values are estimated by chi-square tests for categorical variables and by independent sample t-tests for continuous variables.