Table 1. Summary of studies performed in the previous years.

PAOO, periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics; MTDLD, monocortical tooth dislocation and ligament distraction; RAP, regional acceleratory phenomenon

S. no.	Authors	Year	Place	Results
1	Wilcko et al. [1]	2009	USA	Rapid tooth movement was observed and retention and stability were seen up to eight years.
2	Lee et al. [2]	2008	USA	Corticotomy and osteotomy both can be used for tooth movement, but both induce different alveolar bone reactions.
3	Nowzari et al. [3]	2008	USA	In adults, PAOO is the effective procedure for orthodontic treatment that helps in reducing treatment time and decreasing the probability of root resorption, while maintaining the alveolar bone thickness.
4	Sebaoun et al. [4]	2008	USA	Selective alveolar decortication induced increased turnover of alveolar spongiosa.
5	Wang et al. [5]	2009	China	Tooth movement assisted by corticotomy showed bone resorption; after 21 days, it was replaced by fibrous tissue, and by bone after 60 days. Corticotomy-assisted tooth movement was similar to distraction osteogenesis and did not pass through the bone resorption stage.
6	Wilcko et al. [6]	2008	USA	The new approach of rapid tooth movement has made surgical methods easier as it helps in closing the extraction space in 3-4 weeks.
7	Köle [7]	1959	Austria	Corticotomy of maxillary and mandibular bone helps in the displacement of tooth with the help of suitable orthodontic appliances, which reduces the treatment time and the risk of relapse.
8	Düker [8]	1975	Germany	Teeth can be rearranged by corticotomy within a few days when bone is weakened, and vascular supply of pulp is not damaged by rapid tooth movement.
9	Nimeri et al. [9]	2013	USA	Piezocision is considered one of the best techniques to perform as it gives good aesthetic results and goof periodontal tissue response.
10	Wilcko et al. [10]	2001	USA	The degree of re-mineralization and de-mineralization decides what happens in alveolar bone during tooth movement.
11	Mathews and Kokich [11]	2013	USA	In accelerating tooth movement, corticotomy is effective, but it cannot be concluded that it reduces the orthodontic treatment time.
12	Wilcko et al. [12]	2001	USA	This new orthodontic method reduced the treatment time to 6 months (from bracketing to de-bracketing) and reduced bone resorption was noted.
13	Düker [15]	1975	Germany	Corticotomy helps in re-arranging the tooth within a shorter duration of time without affecting the vascular supply of pulp.
14	Vercellotti and Podesta [16]	2007	Italy	As compared to traditional orthodontic therapy, the average treatment time with the MTDLD technique in the maxilla and mandible was reduced by 70% and 60%, respectively.
15	Frost [17]	1989	USA	After RAP also, there is biologic failure of bone formation due to inability to form callus.
16	Schilling et al. [18]	1998	Germany	The model of bone healing revealed that inflammation-mediated osteopenia was not able to inhibit osteoblasts from producing woven bone during RAP or from producing bone that was required to stabilize the defect.
17	Gantes et al. [19]	1990	USA	Corticotomy caused minimum changes in periodontal attachment apparatus.
18	Pavlíková et al. [22]	2011	Czech Republic	Rapid tooth movement reduced treatment time by 60%-70%.
19	Hwei and Thomas [24]	2014	India	PAOO has been proven to reduce orthodontic treatment time, increase bone thickness due to inclusion of bone grafts, provide better post-orthodontic stability and reduced root resorption.
20	Murphy et al. [25]	2009	USA	PAOO results in increased alveolar width, reduced treatment time, and increased post-orthodontic treatment stability.
21	Adusumilli et al. [26]	2014	India	The application of PAOO can be used in borderline dental class III malocclusions; however, it cannot be used for skeletal malocclusion. Age is not considered as a limiting factor as PAOO is the boon for older population, due to its ability to increase the tissue turnover rate two- to threefold.
22	Park [27]	2016	-	Corticision accelerates tooth movement.
23	Alikhani et al. [28]	2013	USA	Micro-osteoperforation reduces treatment time, accelerates tooth movement; it is an effective and a comfortable and safe procedure.
24	Al-Khalifa et al. [29]	2021	Saudi Arabia	Micro-osteoperforation has proven to be a minimally invasive technique for accelerating tooth movement, which has minimal consequences.
25	Dibart et al. [30]	2009	USA	The new minimally invasive procedure allows great patient acceptance, shorter treatment time, stronger periodontium.
26	Abbas et al. [31]	2016	Egypt	Corticotomy-assisted procedure and piezocision are effective treatment modalities for accelerating canine retraction.