Table 3.
Determinants associated with testing for sexually transmitted infectionsa by a general practitioner and/or sexual health centre in residents aged 15–60 years (2015–2019).
| Overallb | GP | SHC | |
|---|---|---|---|
| aOR (95% CI)c | aOR (95% CI)c | aOR (95% CI)c | |
| Individual | |||
| Sex | |||
| Men | REF | REF | REF |
| Women | 1.55 (1.53–1.58) 1.58) |
1.88 (1.85–1.91) | 0.85 (0.83–0.88) |
| Age (years) | |||
| 15–19 | 0.46 (0.45–0.47) | 0.50 (0.48–0.51) | 0.51 (0.49–0.53) |
| 20–24 | REF | REF | REF |
| 25–29 | 0.83 (0.81–0.84) | 1.16 (1.14–1.18) | 0.38 (0.37–0.40) |
| 30–34 | 0.63 (0.62–0.64) | 0.94 (0.92–0.97) | 0.21 (0.20–0.22) |
| 35–39 | 0.47 (0.46–0.48) | 0.72 (0.70–0.74) | 0.14 (0.13–0.15) |
| 40–44 | 0.33 (0.32–0.34) | 0.51 (0.49–0.52) | 0.09 (0.08–0.09) |
| 45–49 | 0.23 (0.23–0.24) | 0.35 (0.34–0.37) | 0.06 (0.06–0.07) |
| 50–54 | 0.16 (0.15–0.16) | 0.23 (0.22–0.24) | 0.05 (0.05–0.06) |
| 55–59 | 0.11 (0.11–0.12) | 0.16 (0.15–0.17) | 0.04 (0.03–0.04) |
| Migratory background | |||
| Native Dutch | REF | REF | REF |
| Other Western | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) | 1.02 (0.99–1.06) | 0.91 (0.86-0.96) |
| Dutch Antillean | 2.50 (2.43–2.56) | 2.70 (2.62–2.78) | 1.86 (1.76-1.97) |
| Surinamese | 1.64 (1.60–1.68) | 1.72 (1.68–1.77) | 1.39 (1.32–1.46) |
| Turkish | 0.57 (0.55–0.59) | 0.63 (0.61–0.66) | 0.40 (0.37–0.43) |
| Moroccan | 0.73 (0.70–0.76) | 0.80 (0.77–0.83) | 0.56 (0.52–0.60) |
| Other non-Western | 0.93 (0.90–0.95) | 0.96 (0.93–0.99) | 0.84 (0.79–0.89) |
| Sub-Saharan Africand | 1.29 (1.23–1.35) | 1.34 (1.27–1.41) | 1.12 (1.01–1.24) ▲ |
| Cape Verdean | 2.08 (2.00–2.16) | 2.21 (2.12–2.30) | 1.70 (1.57–1.84) |
| Middle and Eastern European | 0.61 (0.59–0.64) | 0.67 (0.64–0.69) | 0.49 (0.45–0.54) |
| Education level e | |||
| Low | REF | REF | REF |
| Middle | 1.06 (1.05–1.08) | 0.97 (0.96–0.99) | 1.42 (1.37–1.47) |
| High | 0.88 (0.86–0.90) | 0.80 (0.79–0.82) | 1.24 (1.19–1.29) |
| Area | |||
| Degree of urbanisation | |||
| Very high (≥2,500 addresses/km2) | REF | REF | REF |
| High (1,500–2,500 addresses/km2) | 0.79 (0.78–0.81) | 0.83 (0.81–0.85) | 0.70 (0.67–0.74) |
| Moderate (500–1,000 addresses/km2) | 0.63 (0.60–0.65) | 0.66 (0.64–0.69) | 0.54 (0.50–0.58) |
| Low (500–1,000 addresses/km2) | 0.67 (0.64–0.71) | 0.75 (0.71–0.79) | 0.48 (0.43–0.53) |
| Rural (<500 addresses/km2) | 0.49 (0.45–0.53) | 0.53 (0.49–0.57) | 0.36 (0.30–0.44) |
| Median household income | |||
| Highest (>€36,600) | REF | REF | REF |
| Upper middle (€28,400– €36,600) | 1.24 (1.18–1.31) | 1.22 (1.14–1.30) | 1.17 (1.06–1.28) |
| Middle (€22,200 – €28,400) | 1.17 (1.14–1.20) | 1.20 (1.17–1.23) | 1.08 (1.02–1.13) |
| Lower middle (€16,800–€22,200) | 1.12 (1.09–1.15) | 1.21 (1.17–1.25) | 0.91 (0.86–0.97) |
| Lowest (<€16,800) | 1.33 (1.26–1.40) | 1.50 (1.42–1.59) | 0.97 (0.87–1.07) ■ |
| Distance to closest general practice (in km) f | |||
| <1 | REF | REF | REF |
| 1–3 | 0.91 (0.89–0.93) | 0.92 (0.90–0.94) | 0.89 (0.85–0.92) |
| >3 | 1.17 (1.05–1.31) | 1.19 (1.05–1.34) | 1.09 (0.83–1.43) ■ |
| Distance to SHC (in km) | |||
| <5 | REF | REF | REF |
| 5–10 | 0.80 (0.79–0.82) | 0.91 (0.89–0.93) | 0.56 (0.54–0.59) |
| >10 | 0.65 (0.63–0.67) | 0.76 (0.74–0.78) | 0.41 (0.39–0.44) |
CI, confidence interval; GP, general practitioner; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; No, number; REF, reference; SHC, sexual health centre.
aBased on at least one STI test (chlamydia, gonorrhoea or HIV test); 15-60-years-olds (917,131 unique persons with 3,690,479 records).
bTested by a general practitioner and/or sexual health centre.
c P < 0.01 unless otherwise indicated: ▲ P < 0.05, ■ not significant.
dWithout Cape Verdean.
eImputed level of education. For classification, see Table 1.
fBased on address of residential location. Other area characteristics are based on the 4-digit postal code of residential location.