Table 1.
Characteristics of the trial participants at baseline
| All participants (n = 96) | Treatment group (n = 47) | Placebo group (n = 49) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years (s.d.) | 11.1 (2.4) | 11.5 (2.3) | 10.7 (2.5) |
| Females, n (%)a | 40 (41.7) | 19 (40.4) | 21 (42.9) |
| Body mass index, kg m−2 (s.d.) | 17.9 (2.7) | 18.0 (2.7) | 17.7 (2.7) |
| HbA1c at diagnosis, mmol mol−1 (s.d.) | 105.8 (23.7) | 110 (25.9) | 102 (21.1) |
| HbA1c at diagnosis, % (s.d.) | 11.8 (4.3) | 12.2 (4.5) | 11.5 (4.1) |
| Diabetic ketoacidosis at onset, % | 12.5 | 10.6 | 14.3 |
| Enterovirus presentb | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase, n (%) | 80 (83) | 39 (83) | 41 (84) |
| Islet antigen 2 antibodies, n (%) | 74 (77) | 35 (74) | 39 (80) |
| Anti-insulin antibodies, n (%) | 64 (67) | 28 (60) | 36 (73) |
| Anti-zinc transporter protein 8 antibodies, n (%) | 77 (80) | 37 (79) | 40 (82) |
| 0 antibodies, n (%) | 1 (1) | 1 (2.1) | 0 (0) |
| 1 antibody, n (%) | 8 (8) | 4 (8.5) | 4 (8.2) |
| 2 antibodies, n (%) | 16 (17) | 10(21.3) | 6 (12.2) |
| 3 antibodies, n (%) | 29 (30) | 13 (27.7) | 16 (32.7) |
| 4 antibodies, n (%) | 42 (44) | 19 (40.4) | 23 (46.9) |
| Start of antiviral therapy, days from diagnosis (s.d.) | 17.8 (3.2) | 18.1 (3.2) | 17.6 (3.2) |
aSex was reported by a pediatrician based on clinical examinations and interview with the participants.
bRT–PCR analyses of saliva, nasopharyngeal aspiration, nasal swab and feces.