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. 2023 Oct 19;29(11):2805–2813. doi: 10.1038/s41591-023-02587-y

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Study participants received 20 g RPS orally daily for the first 3 days followed by twice daily, from day −7 through to day 100 after allogeneic HCT. Stool and blood specimens were collected from the study participants at baseline before conditioning (day −7), nadir (approximately days 5–7), engraftment (approximately day 14) and day 100. Stool samples were collected weekly after allogeneic HCT when possible. Samples were compared to samples obtained from past historical controls not receiving the dietary intervention at the same time points relative to allogeneic HCT. After the feasibility phase, an additional 50 individuals will be enrolled on phase 2 of the trial to receive RPS on the same schedule noted above and ten individuals will be enrolled to receive isocaloric, nonresistant starch placebo, who will serve as contemporaneous controls (5:1 randomization). Stool and blood specimens will be collected on the same schedule as the feasibility phase.