Table 2.
Association of whether screen-detected diabetes is manifested as isolated elevated FPG, isolated elevated HbA1c or elevated levels of both with individual and study characteristics
| Isolated elevated FPG | Isolated elevated HbA1c | Elevated levels of both | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PR | CrI | Posterior probability | PR | CrI | Posterior probability | PR | CrI | Posterior probability | |
| Region | |||||||||
| High-income western | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Central and eastern Europe | 1.16 | 0.73–1.86 | 0.259 | 0.62 | 0.35–1.09 | 0.049 | 0.83 | 0.61–1.12 | 0.115 |
| Latin America and the Caribbean | 0.48 | 0.32–0.72 | <0.001 | 1.42 | 0.93–2.16 | 0.053 | 1.16 | 0.91–1.46 | 0.109 |
| East and southeast Asia and the Pacific | 0.51 | 0.35–0.73 | <0.001 | 1.53 | 1.04–2.25 | 0.015 | 1.35 | 1.10–1.67 | 0.002 |
| South Asia | 0.24 | 0.13–0.44 | <0.001 | 1.65 | 0.89–3.10 | 0.056 | 1.52 | 1.08–2.15 | 0.009 |
| Central Asia, Middle East and north Africa | 0.33 | 0.20–0.54 | <0.001 | 2.20 | 1.31–3.67 | 0.001 | 1.06 | 0.80–1.40 | 0.342 |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 0.33 | 0.19–0.57 | <0.001 | 1.65 | 0.92–2.94 | 0.045 | 1.31 | 0.96–1.79 | 0.045 |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Women | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Men | 1.10 | 1.07–1.14 | <0.001 | 0.86 | 0.83–0.89 | <0.001 | 1.07 | 1.03-1.11 | <0.001 |
| Age (per 10 years of age) | 0.97 | 0.96–0.98 | <0.001 | 1.05 | 1.04–1.06 | <0.001 | 0.97 | 0.96–0.99 | <0.001 |
| BMI (per 5 kg m−2) | 0.92 | 0.90–0.93 | <0.001 | 0.99 | 0.98–1.01 | 0.137 | 1.07 | 1.06–1.08 | <0.001 |
| Study year (per 5 years of time) | 1.01 | 0.89–1.14 | 0.447 | 1.05 | 0.92–1.20 | 0.240 | 1.06 | 0.99–1.14 | 0.048 |
| Percent people with diabetes who had been diagnosed before (per 10 percentage points) | 0.98 | 0.89–1.09 | 0.380 | 0.98 | 0.88–1.09 | 0.354 | 1.05 | 0.99–1.11 | 0.046 |
| Measurement of FPG | |||||||||
| Laboratory | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Portable device | 1.71 | 1.00–2.91 | 0.025 | 0.89 | 0.51–1.56 | 0.338 | 0.87 | 0.64–1.16 | 0.169 |
| Measurement of HbA1c | |||||||||
| Laboratory | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Portable device | 0.33 | 0.16–0.68 | 0.001 | 2.13 | 1.05–4.20 | 0.018 | 0.54 | 0.35–0.81 | 0.002 |
The association with each variable is reported as prevalence ratios (PRs), adjusted for all other variables in the table, in the regression models described in the Methods, in which data from individual participants with screen-detected diabetes were used. Extended Data Table 7 shows results excluding studies that had measured FPG in capillary whole blood using a portable device. CrI, credible interval.